Interspecific competition between two species of the bean weevil

---

Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory, Kyoto University, No. 110.     

恒河猴、懒猴和树鼩的短时空间记忆功能与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性(英文)

本文研究探讨了进化地位不同的三种动物的短时空间记忆功能及其与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性。结果表明,在延缓反应作业中,经1000次训练后,7只恒河猴对空间位置的记忆时间平均为7.7±3.2min,懒猴为3.8±0.44min,而树鼩即使在延缓时间几乎为零秒的延缓反应中,其正确反应率也未达到90％标准。一种延缓时间仅测试一个单元,即不经训练的实验表明,恒河猴在延缓期为“0”—5min的各测试单元中,正确反应率稳定在80％以上;懒猴在延缓时间为“0”—4min的各测试单元中,平均正确反应率与恒河猴无明显差异,而当延缓时间增加到5min时,在延缓反应作业中取得的成绩显著下降;树鼩在延缓时间为1—5min的作业中取得的正确反应率在70％以下。3种动物在视觉辨别学习作业中却无明显差异。形态学研究表明,灵长类大脑前额叶的面积和结构的复杂性在进化过程中逐渐增大,如恒河猴大脑前额叶的表面积占大脑半球表面积的11.5％(Brodmann,1929),其内颗粒层发达,背侧部明显凸起,主沟区发达;懒猴的前额叶表面积占其大脑半球表面积的8.3％,背侧部凸起不显著,主沟未形成,额极内颗粒层分化明显,背侧部的内颗粒层较内侧部的发达程度差(Sanides,1967);树鼩的前额叶表面积占7.5％,额极的内颗粒层分化不明显,为非颗粒化区,此区之后为颗粒区     

The fitting of the logistic equation to the rate of increase of population density

Though there are many problems on the usefulness of the logistic curve, it may be necessary to examine before discussing these problems whether or not the actual data fit to the theoretical values. It has been clarified in this paper that the relation between the population density and its rate of increase per individual described by the differential equation (1) is represented by a straight line on a finite difference diagram on which N_i+1−N_i/N_i values are plotted against N_i+1. Utilizing this linear relation we may examine the fittness of the logistic curve to the actual data and when it is fitted we may estimate the parameters of the logistic equation by (5) and (6). The result of the application of this method to the experimental populations of azuki bean weevil indicates that the relation between parent and progeny densities fits well to the logistic type as has been proved byFujita andUtida (1953) who utilized the linear reltion between 1/R+2σ and parent density where R is the apparent rate of reproduction and σ is a constant dependent primarily upon the length of adult life (0≦σ≦1).     

洪湖子莲开花结实习性及调控技术的研究

阐明了子莲开花结实习性与花期气候的关系,并以洪湖气候与子莲开花结实的关系,莲蓬大小和莲蓬心皮数目与荷花发育时所处季节地关系以及死蕾,死花,死果与开花时天气的关系等三方面,论证了在该区调控子莲开花结实的必要性。最后还提出了调控子莲开花结实的几项农业技术。     

重庆机场草地土壤动物群落特征及其与鸟类关系的初步研究

对重庆机场草地土壤动物群落的组成,结构和时空动态特征进行了比较研究,初步分析了土壤动物与机场鸟类在种类和数量上的动态关系。结果表明：土壤动物的优势类群为蜱螨目;常见类群多为大,中型土壤动物,是鸟类捕食的主要对象;活动性弱的小型土壤动物是幼虫主要分布在土壤和腐质层中,且群落的多样性和稳定性较高;     

社会冲突理论视角下的医疗纠纷解决方式

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们的健康需求指数越来越高,法律意识也越来越强。与此同时,由医疗事故等原因导致的医疗纠纷案件正呈逐年上升趋势。有效地解决医疗纠纷,有助于建立和谐的医患关系,而和谐的医患关系是构建和谐社会一个主要的组成部分。本文在社会学视角下,运用达伦多夫和科塞的社会冲突理论来分析当前的医疗纠纷,从而促进医疗纠纷的解决。     

绿尾虹雉的冬季生态研究

绿尾虹雉（Lophophorus lhuysii）属雉科（Phasianidae）虹雉属（Lophophorus）,是我国特有珍稀雉类,列为国家一类保护动物。我们于1983年起对绿尾虹雉的生态进行专题研究,现根据对绿尾虹雉的野外考察所得,整理成本文。 野外考察的时间、地点、及路线 我们于1983年4月至1984年7月在四川省宝兴县跷碛公社对绿尾虹雉的生态做了四次考察,前后为期近十个月,其中冬季考察时间为1983年12月至1984年1月。     

Hypersensitivity to very-low single radiation doses: Its relationship to the adaptive response and induced radioresistance

There is now little doubt of the existence of radioprotective mechanisms, or stress responses, that are upregulated in response to exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation and other DNA-damaging agents. Phenomenologically, there are two ways in which these induced mechanisms operate. First, a small conditioning dose (generally below 30 cGy) may protect against a subsequent, separate, exposure to radiation that may be substantially larger than the initial dose. This has been termed the adaptive response. Second, the response to single doses may itself be dose-dependent so that small acute radiation exposures, or exposures at very low dose rates, are more effective per unit dose than larger exposures above the threshold where the induced radioprotection is triggered. This combination has been termed low-dose hypersensitivity (HRS) and induced radioresistance (IRR) as the dose increases. Both the adaptive response and HRS/IRR have been well documented in studies with yeast, bacteria, protozoa, algae, higher plant cells, insect cells, mammalian and human cells in vitro, and in studies on animal models in vivo. There is indirect evidence that the HRS/IRR phenomenon in response to single doses is a manifestation of the same underlying mechanism that determines the adaptive response in the two-dose case and that it can be triggered by high and low LET radiations as well as a variety of other stress-inducing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and chemotherapeutic agents although exact homology remains to be tested. Little is currently known about the precise nature of this underlying mechanism, but there is evidence that it operates by increasing the amount and rate of DNA repair, rather than by indirect mechanisms such as modulation of cell-cycle progression or apoptosis. Changed expression of some genes, only in response to low and not high doses, may occur within a few hours of irradiation and this would be rapid enough to explain the phenomenon of induced radioresistance although its specific molecular components have yet to be identified.     

器官间关系对叶片衰老的影响

叶片衰老是整个植株生理特性的敏感表现,受根系、茎、生殖器官和其他叶片等器官的影响。器官间关系影响叶片衰老可能是通过竞争体内营养、水分等物质、竞争环境因子、源库关系、激素等信息系统调节等机制实现的。从整株水平上加强叶片衰老的生理机制和控制技术研究,将为生产上控制衰老、减少叶片异常衰老造成的产量和品质损失提供有效的技术途径。     

稻纵卷叶螟迁入数量时间序列的混沌诊断

稻纵卷叶螟是一种重要的迁飞性水稻害虫,为更好地进行预测控制,研究清楚其迁入行为的动力学结构则对预报建模意义重大,本文利用从时间序列提取吸引关联维来确定系统性质的方法,对全国十个测报站的稻纵卷叶螟迁入数量的时间序列进行了关联维的计算,结果表明,这一迁飞行为是随机的。