Analyses of chromosome copy number and expression level of four genes in the ciliate Chilodonella uncinata reveal a complex pattern that suggests epigenetic regulation

Exogenous wild-type p53 (wt-p53) tumor suppression increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An iodized oil emulsion was used as a p53 vector for intra-arterial gene delivery to treat hepatic tumors. Whether the chemotherapeutic agent or the iodized oil affects exogenous wt-p53 activity remains poorly understood. In the present study, the early therapeutic response of rAd/p53, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or with iodized oil, was observed in a human colon cancer model. Allograft models in 82 nude mice with human colon carcinoma SW480 were divided randomly into four groups and administered with physiologic saline, rAd/p53, rAd/p53+5-FU, and rAd/p53+iodized oil by intratumoral injection. At 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h after treatment, p53 expression, the Ki-67 index (KI), and the degree of tumor necrosis were assessed. The p53 expression and tumor necrosis in the therapeutic groups were higher than those in the control group. p53 expression reached its peak at 120 h in the rAd/p53 group, at 72 h in the rAd/p53+5-FU group, and at 48 h in the rAd/p53+iodized oil group. The p53 expression in the rAd/P53+5-FU group and the iodized oil group was significantly higher than those in the rAd/P53 group at 24 and 48 h. The results revealed that tumor necrosis is positively correlated with p53 expression. The KI of the rAd/p53+5-FU group increased significantly at 24 h. 5-FU and iodized oil increase the anticancer effect of rAd/p53, and 5-FU combined with rAd/p53 has a synergistic anticancer effect.