Free radicals derived from benzo[a]pyrene.

At least four different free radicals can be formed from benzo[a]pyrene under different reaction conditions, namely the 6-oxybenzo[a]pyrene radical, the benzo[a]pyrene anion and cation radicals and a radical from heated benzo[a]pyrene. The formation and esr spectra of these radicals have been studied with the aim of clarifying the nature of the radical species involved under different reaction conditions. Additionally the reactivity of the 6-oxybenzo[a]pyrene and the benzo[a]pyrene cation radicals towards several phenolic antioxidants have also been investigated.     

Transfer ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity in virions of type-C viruses.

A nucleotidyltransferase activity has been found associated with a number of mammalian and avian oncornaviruses. This activity catalyzes the incorporation of adenosine monophosphate and cytosine monophosphate into acid insoluble forms. The transferase activity from Rauscher murine leukemia virus has been characterized. The endogenous reaction is stimulated by various tRNAs particularly the 4S RNA isolated from Rauscher leukemia virus, whereas other RNAs have no effect. The product of the reaction is alkali and RNase sensitive, insensitive to DNase, and its size is similar to tRNA. Finally, the terminal nucleotide analysis of the product of the reaction indicates the presence of a CCA terminus. The properties of the activity found in the type-C viruses are in accord with those of known tRNA nucleotidyltransferases from other sources.     

Tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation of precursor polyprotein encoded by env gene of Rauscher murine leukemia virus.

The molecular weight of the precursor polyprotein to the envelope proteins of Rauscher murine leukemia virus is reduced from 85,000 to 68,000 daltons when synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of the synthesis of oligosaccharides that attach to glycoproteins via asparagine residues. The unglycosylated precursor protein (Pr68^$\text{env}$) is synthesized at a rate comparable to that of the normal carbohydrate-containing envelope precursor (gPr85^$\text{env}$). Pr68^$\text{env}$ is not proteolytically processed and remains undegraded in the cell. Thus, most if not all of the carbohydrate content of gPr85^$\text{env}$ is N-linked, and glycosylation appears to be necessary for normal processing of precursor proteins into viral particles.