伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白G基因的结构分析及其原核表达

利用PCR技术扩增了伪狂犬病毒湖北株 (PRVHB)糖蛋白G(gG)基因 ,进行了序列测定和分析。结果显示扩增和测序片段长 180 4bp ,G C含量 6 8.78%。gG基因ORF长 15 0 0bp ,编码 5 0 0个氨基酸组成的多肽。与PRVRice株 gG基因比较 ,两者核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为 98%、84.1%。 32 0～ 380位之间的氨基酸序列存在较大差异。根据序列分析结果 ,选取 gG基因长短不同的两个片段分别克隆到原核表达载体 pET2 8a( )进行表达。经SDS PAGE和Dot ELISA分析证实 ,表达出分子量大小分别约为 5 5kD和 6 3kD的特异性gG多肽 ,这为深入阐明PRV gG基因结构与功能及研制 gG ELISA诊断试剂盒奠定了基础     

PCR快速检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒感染

根据已发表的伪狂犬病病毒(PrV)gE、gI基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以PrV容A株细胞培养毒为模板,筛选最佳反应条件和试剂工作浓度,建立了区分PrV野毒株和疫苗弱毒的鉴别PCR方法。该方法能从PrV容A株(RA)、上海株(SH)、鲁A株(LA)中扩增出一条848bp的片段,但Bartha-K61株没有扩增出该片段。测序结果表明PCR扩增产物和方法的特异性。对正常细胞与其它6种引起猪病毒性疫病相关病毒进行检测,结果均为阴性,没有出现交叉反应。对PrV容A株细胞毒提取物DNA进行检测,其最低检出量为5pg。PCR对感染野毒的发病猪不同组织器官检测发现,淋巴结检出率最高,依次为脾、脑(海马角)、肺、肾、肝等。对2003～2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的37个大中型猪场送检的172份病料进行PCR检测病料阳性率为20．34％(35／172),猪场阳性率为40.54％(15／37)。实验结果表明所建立的PCR技术可用于伪狂犬病野毒感染的快速鉴定和流行病学调查。     

Genome Characteristics and Evolution of Pseudorabies Virus Strains in Eastern China from 2017 to 2019

Since late 2011, outbreaks of pseudorabies virus(PRV) have occurred in southern China causing major economic losses to the pig industry. We previously reported that variant PRV forms and recombination in China could be the source of continued epidemics. Here, we analyzed samples from intensive pig farms in eastern China between 2017 and 2019, and sequenced the main glycoproteins(gB, gC, gD, and gE) to study the evolution characteristics of PRV. Based on the g C gene, we found that PRV variants belong to clade 2 and detected a founder effect during by the PRV epidemic. In addition,we detected inter-and intra-clade recombination; in particular, inter-clade recombination in the g B genes of strains FJ-ZXF and FJ-W2, which were recombinant with clade 1 strains. We also found specific amino-acid changes and positively selected sites, possibly associated with functional changes. This analysis of the emergence of PRV in China illustrates the need for continuous monitoring and the development of vaccines against specific variants of PRV.     

检测PCV2、PPV、PRV疫苗株与野毒株的多重PCR方法

本文建立了一种同时检测猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、细小病毒（PPV）、及伪狂犬病毒（PRV）疫苗株与野毒株的多重PCR方法.根据GenBank上发表的PCV2、PPV和PRV gB、gE基因序列,针对各自保守区各设计一对特异性引物,用这四对引物对同一样品中的PCV2、PPV和PRV gB、gE进行检测,结果可同时扩增出269bp（PCV2）、581bp（PPV）、372bP（PRV gB）及147bp（PRV gE）四条特异性片段.对JEV、PRRSRV、大肠杆菌和双蒸水的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性测定结果表明,该多重PCR能检出10pg PCV2、PPV和PRV gB、gE检测敏感度分别为10^-6.2、10^-3.8、10^-5.8TCID50的模板.该方法的建立对临床上进行这三种疾病的鉴别诊断和混合感染的检测具有重要意义.     

Tn7-mediated introduction of DNA into bacmid-cloned pseudorabies virus genome for rapid construction of recombinant viruses

lacZa-mini-attTn7 was inserted into the intergenic region between the gG and gD genes in a PRV bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) by homologous recombination in E. coli. The resulting recombinant BAC (pBeckerZF1) was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was then transposed into pBeckerZF1 by transposon Tn7 to generate pBeckerZF2. Recombinant viruses vBeckerZF1 and vBeckerZF2 were generated by transfection with the corresponding BAC pBeckerZF1 or pBeckerZF2. The titers and cytopathic effect (CPE) observed for by vBeckerZF1 and vBeckerZF2 was comparable to that of the parental virus vBecker3. vBeckerZF2 was serial passaged for five rounds in cell culture, and the mini-Tn7 insertion was stably maintained in viral genome. These results show that recombinant viruses can be rapidly and reliably created by Tn7-mediated transposition. This technology should accelerate greatly the pace at which recombinant PRV can be generated and, thus, facilitate the use of recombinant viruses for detailed mutagenic studies. Foundation item: Key technologies R&D program (2006BAD06A01) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.     

伪狂犬病病毒TK-/gG-缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究

将伪狂犬病病毒TK^-／gG^-／LacZ^ 突变株的基因组DNA与含有缺失的gG基因的转移质粒pUSKBB共转染猪肾传代细胞PK-15,待完全病变后收获病毒进行空斑试验,用PCR筛选gG缺失的重组病毒。空斑纯化3次后,随机挑取空斑进行PCR扩增,证实所获得的病毒为均一的TK^-／gG^-缺失株。遗传稳定性试验表明该重组病毒能在PK-15细胞上稳定遗传,动物试验表明该缺失株对Balb／c小鼠极为安全且能保护Balb／c小鼠抵抗致死量PRV强毒的攻击。该突变株的获得为我国伪狂犬病的控制和根除奠定了基础。     

Pseudorabies virus DNA-binding protein stimulates the exonuclease activity and regulates the processivity of pseudorabies virus DNase

The pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNase is an alkaline exonuclease and endonuclease, which exhibits an Escherichia coli RecBCD-like catalytic function. The PRV DNA-binding protein (DBP) promotes the renaturation of complementary single strands of DNA, which is an essential function for recombinase. To investigate the functional and physical interactions between PRV DBP and DNase, these proteins were purified to homogeneity. PRV DBP stimulated the DNase activity, especially the exonuclease activity, in a dose-dependent fashion. Acetylation of DBP by acetic anhydride resulted in a loss of DNA-binding ability and a 60% inhibition of the DNase activity, suggesting that DNA-binding ability of PRV DBP was required for stimulating the DNase activity. PRV DNase behaved in a processive mode; however, it was converted into a distributive mode in the presence of DBP, implying that PRV DBP stimulated the dissociation of DNase from DNA substrates. The physical interaction between DBP and DNase was further analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a significant interaction was observed. Thus, these results suggested that PRV DBP interacted with PRV DNase and regulated the DNase activity in vitro.     

Antiviral Activity of Antimicrobial Lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis fmbj Against Pseudorabies Virus, Porcine Parvovirus, Newcastle Disease Virus and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Vitro

Bacillus subtilis fmbj can produce lipopeptide antimicrobial substance, whose main components were surfactin and fengycin. In the study, the antiviral activity of antimicrobial lipopeptides (AMLs) from B. subtilis fmbj (CGMCC No. 0934) against Pseudorabies Virus (PRV), Porcine Parvovirus (PPV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) was evaluated in vitro. The AMLs represented a direct inactivation effect on cell-free virus stocks of PRV, PPV, NDV and IBDV, and it could effectively inhibit infection and replication of the NDV and IBDV, but failed to affect PRV and PPV. The AMLs were represented higher toxicity for the Porcine Kidney (PK-15) cells (50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) value was 32.87 μM) and lower for the Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts (CEF) cells (CC₅₀ value was 89.16 μM). The Selectivity index of AMLs on PRV, PPV, NDV and IBDV was 1.44, 2.23, 8.40 and 12.19, respectively.     

Determination of the effectiveness of Pseudorabies marker vaccines in experiments and field trials

The aim of vaccination in an eradication campaign is not only to induce clinical protection, but primarily to stop transmission of infections within and between herds by inducing herd immunity. Consequently, vaccines should be evaluated for their capacity to reduce virus transmission in the population. Glycoprotein E (gE) negative marker vaccines against Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections in pigs have been evaluated this way in experiments and field studies. PRV infection in groups of (vaccinated) pigs was determined by measuring antibodies against gE of PRV from regularly taken serum samples. For the statistical analysis of the experiments a stochastic susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model was used. A measure for the transmission of virus is the reproduction ratio R, which is defined as the average number of secondary cases caused by one typical infectious individual. This implies that an infection will always fade out in a population when R < 1, but the infection can spread massively when R > 1. From several experiments it was shown that R < 1. Field studies showed that the R within herds was still > 1, but by reducing further contacts the R could be reduced to a value below one. This would imply that PRV could be eradicated by means of vaccination. In The Netherlands, an eradication campaign was launched in 1993, and in 2002 the virus was eradicated, as shown by a negligible number of gE-positive pigs. Farmers' organizations have to decide whether or not to stop vaccination.