De novo organogenesis and plant regeneration in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis>, oil producing tree legume

Role of Thidiazuron (TDZ) in inducing adventitious organogenesis in Pongamia was studied. TDZ at different concentrations (0, 0.45, 2.27, 4.54, 6.71, 9.08, 11.35, 13.12 and 22.71 μM) were used for induction of caulogenic bud formation in deembryonated cotyledon explants. Each cotyledon was cut into three segments and identified as proximal, middle and distal. Duration of TDZ exposure, influence of the segment and orientation of the explant were studied. TDZ at 11.35 μM concentration was optimum for the induction of shoots and rapid elongation. Shoots induced at higher concentration elongated after several passages in growth regulator free medium, thereby extending the period of differentiation. Exposure of the explant for 20 days yielded more number of buds than 10 days. Proximal segment of the cotyledon was more responsive. Contact of abaxial surface in the medium was more effective and generated more buds than the adaxial side. Buds differentiated and elongated on transfer to MS basal medium for 8–12 passages of 15 days each. Rooting and elongation of shoots was achieved in charcoal supplemented half-strength MS medium. Rooted plantlets survived on transfer to sand soil mixture. The plants were hardened and transferred to green house. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of Pongamia pinnata via adventitious organogenesis using TDZ. This protocol may find application in studies in genetic transformation, isolation of somaclonal variants and in induction of mutants. It also provides a system to study the inhibitory role of TDZ on shoot differentiation.     

Presence of a Na+/H+ exchanger in brush border membranes isolated from the kidney of the spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthias

Summary A membrane fraction, rich in brush border membranes, was prepared from renal proximal tubules of the spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthias, and the sodium-proton exchange mechanism in these membrane vesicles was investigated by both a rapid filtration technique and the fluorescence quenching of acridine organe.²²Na⁺ uptake was stimulated by an outwardly directed H⁺ gradient, and was inhibited by amiloride at a single inhibitory site with an apparentK _i of approximately 1.7×10^–5 M. In the presence of an H _i ⁺ >H _o ⁺ gradient, the of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger were 9.7±0.8 mM and 48.0±12.0 nmol·mg protein^–1·min^–1, respectively. The uptake of Na⁺ was electroneutral in the presence of a H⁺ gradient, indicating a stoichiometry of 1. In the fluorescence studies, quenching of acridine orange occurred in the presence of an outwardly directed Na⁺ gradient which was inhibited by amiloride. Thus, an electroneutral Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger with properties similar to those found in the mammalian kidney is also present in the spiny dogfish and may contribute to the urinary acidification of this marine animal.     

Segmental differences in short-chain fatty acid transport in rabbit colon: Effect of pH and Na

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the predominant luminal anion in the mammalian colon. Although they are rapidly absorbed in vivo, little is known about the mechanisms of transepithelial transport in vitro. Previous studies have suggested that SCFA transport may be linked to Na absorption or an anion exchange mechanism. We compared the transport of propionate under short-circuit conditions in rabbit proximal and distal colon to determine whether there were segmental differences, how SCFAs may be linked to either Na absorption or anion transport, and whether SCFAs, as weak electrolytes, may be affected by transepithelial pH gradients. In distal colon, propionate transport was not significantly altered by stimulation of electrogenic Na absorption, epinephrine or Cl removal. However, a modest transepithelial pH gradient (luminal 6.8/serosal 7.4) stimulated propionate absorption. In proximal colon, propionate transport was significantly altered by manuevers that either stimulated (lowered [Na] in the bathing media) or inhibited (theophylline) apical Na−H exchange. Neither Cl removal, nor the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS, nor a transepithelial bicarbonate gradient, altered propionate transport. A transepithelial pH gradient inhibited propionate secretion, but not in a manner entirely consistent with the effect of pH on the distribution of a weak electrolyte. These results suggest that there is significant segmental heterogeneity in colonic SCFA transport; that transepithelial propionate fluxes are altered by changes in pH or electroneutral Na absorption (Na−H exchange), but not by chloride removal, bicarbonate gradients or electrogenic Na absorption. Regulation of SCFA transport may be an important factor in the physiology of colonic fluid balance.     

Phagocytosis of erythrocytes by the proximal tubule of the rat kidney

Summary Morphological examination of kidney biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis and hematuria has revealed the presence of erythrocytes within epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. This observation suggested that the proximal tubule might be capable of phagocytizing morphologically intact erythrocytes. To examine this possibility small quantities of heparinized autologous blood were injected into surface convolutions of proximal tubules of the rat kidney using standard micropuncture techniques. At time intervals ranging from 10 min to 120 h after injection, the kidneys were preserved for light and transmission electron microscopy by drip-fixation with a half-strength Karnovsky's glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde fixative.During the initial 6 h there was a flattening of the brush border and accumulation of electron-dense material representing hemoglobin in apical vacuoles and in lysosome-like structures. From 6 to 15 h after micropuncture, there was progressive loss of the brush border and the simultaneous formation of pseudopodia-like evaginations that extended from the apical plasma membrane and surrounded the individual erythrocytes. By 18 and 24 h, erythrocytes were observed in the proximal tubule cells. At later time intervals, edema, lymphocytic infiltration, and fibrosis were observed in the interstitium. In addition, crystalline structures were present in the lumen and the cells of both proximal and distal tubules. These findings suggest that in addition to their well-established ability to pinocytize hemoglobin and other proteins, the cells of the proximal tubule are capable of phagocytizing morphologically intact autologous erythrocytes. It is possible that phagocytosis by the proximal tubule cells may play a role in the disposal of erythrocytes from the tubular fluid in hematuric conditions.     

髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响。方法：选取2016年9月~2019年9月我院收治的股骨转子间骨折的老年患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组各40例。对照组患者采用Gamma钉进行治疗,观察组患者采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗。比较两组患者的围术期相关指标、骨折愈合时间、Harris评分、临床治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果：观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及骨折愈合时间均显著少于或短于对照组(P＜0.05)。术前,两组患者的Harris评分比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后6个月及术后12个月,两组患者的Harris评分均较术前显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组患者的治疗优良率为92.50 %,显著高于对照组(75.00 %,P＜0.05)。两组患者深静脉血栓、感染、褥疮、固定松动、股骨头坏死及严重疼痛的发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论：股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折效果明显优于Gamma钉治疗,可有效缩短骨折愈合时间,提高髋关节功能。     

Sorting Nexin 1 Loss Results in D5 Dopamine Receptor Dysfunction in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells and Hypertension in Mice

The peripheral dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation through its actions on renal hemodynamics and epithelial ion transport. The dopamine D5 receptor (D₅R) interacts with sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), a protein involved in receptor retrieval from the trans-Golgi network. In this report, we elucidated the spatial, temporal, and functional significance of this interaction in human renal proximal tubule cells and HEK293 cells stably expressing human D₅R and in mice. Silencing of SNX1 expression via RNAi resulted in the failure of D₅R to internalize and bind GTP, blunting of the agonist-induced increase in cAMP production and decrease in sodium transport, and up-regulation of angiotensin II receptor expression, of which expression was previously shown to be negatively regulated by D₅R. Moreover, siRNA-mediated depletion of renal SNX1 in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice resulted in increased blood pressure and blunted natriuretic response to agonist in salt-loaded BALB/cJ mice. These data demonstrate a crucial role for SNX1 in D₅R trafficking and that SNX1 depletion results in D₅R dysfunction and thus may represent a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.     

Determination of an Angiotensin II-regulated Proteome in Primary Human Kidney Cells by Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)

Angiotensin II (AngII), the major effector of the renin-angiotensin system, mediates kidney disease progression by signaling through the AT-1 receptor (AT-1R), but there are no specific measures of renal AngII activity. Accordingly, we sought to define an AngII-regulated proteome in primary human proximal tubular cells (PTEC) to identify potential AngII activity markers in the kidney. We utilized stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILAC) in PTECs to compare proteomes of AngII-treated and control cells. Of the 4618 quantified proteins, 83 were differentially regulated. SILAC ratios for 18 candidates were confirmed by a different mass spectrometry technique called selected reaction monitoring. Both SILAC and selected reaction monitoring revealed heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as the most significantly up-regulated protein in response to AngII stimulation. AngII-dependent regulation of the HO-1 gene and protein was further verified in PTECs. To extend these in vitro observations, we overlaid a network of significantly enriched gene ontology terms from our AngII-regulated proteins with a dataset of differentially expressed kidney genes from AngII-treated wild type mice and AT-1R knock-out mice. Five gene ontology terms were enriched in both datasets and included HO-1. Furthermore, HO-1 kidney expression and urinary excretion were reduced in AngII-treated mice with PTEC-specific AT-1R deletion compared with AngII-treated wild-type mice, thus confirming AT-1R-mediated regulation of HO-1. Our in vitro approach identified novel molecular markers of AngII activity, and the animal studies demonstrated that these markers are relevant in vivo. These interesting proteins hold promise as specific markers of renal AngII activity in patients and in experimental models.     

肱骨近端锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效

目的:研究肱骨近端锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取92例老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者作为研究对象。根据数字法随机将患者分成观察组及对照组,各含46例。其中对照组予以解剖钢板术式治疗,观察组则予以肱骨近端的锁定加压钢板术式治疗。对比两组不同治法的疗效,两组患者的手术相关指标,两组患者治疗后的肩关节活动度以及两组患者治疗前后的Constant评分及VAS评分。结果:观察组的优良率是89.13%(41/46),显著高于对照组的76.09%(35/46),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的术程、手术出血量以及住院时间和骨折的愈合时间均分别显著少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的肩关节活动度显著大于对照组,差均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的Constant评分及VAS评分均分别显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:利用肱骨近端的锁定加压钢板术式治疗FSNH,能够帮助患者获得更为积极的临床预后,值得在临床治疗过程中推广应用。     

股骨短缩截骨全髋置换术治疗青年Crowe IV 型髋关节发育不良

目的：总结股骨短缩截骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗青年Crowe IV 型髋关节发育不良（DDH）的近期疗效。方法：2009 年1 月 至2015 年1 月期间我院收治的22 例（24 髋）青年Crowe IV 型髋关节发育不良患者,其中男4 例（5 髋）,女18 例（19 髋）,年龄 17~27 岁,平均22 岁。记录患者术前、术后髋关节功能Harris评分、髋关节疼痛VAS评分和下肢长度差异。收集患者临床及影像 学资料。结果：22 例患者均获随访,随访时间6～72 个月,平均38 个月。截骨端均骨性愈合,愈合时间3～ 6 个月,平均3.2 个月。 Harris 评分由术前（43.2 ± 2.7）分改善至（95.3 ± 2.8）分,效果显著（P＜0.01）,髋关节疼痛VAS评分由术前(6. 0 ± 1. 0)分改善至 (1.0 ± 0.5) 分,疼痛明显缓解（P＜0.05）,下肢长度差异由术前（55.5± 15.5）mm减少至（16.5± 5.5）mm,显著改善（P＜0.01）。术后2 例合并坐骨神经麻痹,但6 个月内症状完全缓解,6 例遗留轻度跛行。随访期间均无假体翻修,未发现材料与宿主的生物相容性反 应。结论：股骨短缩截骨全髋置换术治疗青年Crowe IV 型髋关节发育不良的近期疗效满意,术中综合考虑软组织松解程度与短缩 截骨方式及长度可有效的解决患者肢体短缩、避免神经血管损伤及改善患者术后髋关节功能。