安徽黄精属二新种

<正> 根状茎圆柱状,由于结节膨大,因而节间一头粗,一头细,在粗的一头有短的分枝,直径1—2.2厘米,茎直立,高30—80厘米,光滑无毛。叶轮生,厚纸质,每轮3—5片,条状披针形,长5—8厘米,宽1—1.5厘米,先端弯曲,基部楔形,两面无毛,中脉在背面明显凸起。伞形花序腋生,通常具2朵花,稀3朵,总花梗长1.5—3厘米,有叶状苞1—8枚,厚纸质,条状披针形,长1.8—3.5厘米,宽4—8毫米,先端卷曲,中脉在下面明显凸起,无毛,花柄长5—10毫米;花被筒状,淡黄色,长10—12毫米,裂片6,长约8毫     

Molecular cloning of the lectin and a lectin-related protein from common Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum)

The most prominent protein ofPolygonatum multiflorum (common Solomon's seal) rhizomes has been identified as a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of the purified lectin demonstrated that it is a tetramer of four identical subunits of 14 kDa. Molecular cloning further revealed that the lectin from this typical Liliaceae species belongs to the superfamily of monocot mannose-binding proteins. Screening of cDNA libraries constructed with RNA isolated from buds, leaves and flowers ofP. multiflorum also yielded cDNA clones encoding a protein, which contains two tandemly arranged domains with an obvious sequence homology to the mannose-binding lectins. Molecular modelling of thePolygonatum lectin and lectin-related protein indicated that the three-dimensional structure of both proteins strongly resembles that of the snowdrop lectin. In addition, this approach suggested that the presumed carbohydrate-binding sites of the lectin can accommodate a mannose residue whereas most of the carbohydratebinding sites of the lectin-related protein cannot.Abbreviations GNA Galanthus nivalis agglutinin - HCA hydrophobic cluster analysis - LECPMA cDNA clone encoding PMA - PM30 30 kDa protein isolated fromPolygonatum multiforum - PMA Polygonatum multiflorum agglutinin - PMLRP Polygonatum multiflorum lectin-related protein     

黄精褐斑病的病原生物学特性

为明确发生在贵州省施秉县的黄精叶斑类病害的病原菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行了鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。形态特征及rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin和tef1多基因序列分析表明,该病原菌为棕榈拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola。生物学特性研究结果表明,该菌菌丝体适宜生长温度为15-30℃,最适温度为28℃;最适pH值为5;以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母浸膏为氮源比较适合菌丝体的生长;菌丝体生长的最佳培养基为PDA;光照对菌丝体生长无明显影响;菌丝体致死温度为45℃。     

安徽黄精属(Polygonatum)植物叶表皮研究

利用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了安徽省黄精属９种植物的叶表皮;统计并测量了气孔类型、气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔指数等;描述了表皮角质膜、蜡质纹饰、气孔的形状及气孔外拱盖等有关特征。结果表明：黄精属植物叶表皮气孔器类型属只有２个保卫细胞而无任何副卫细胞的单子叶植物气孔器类型。气孔的某些特征,如气孔器类型、气孔器分布特征、表皮细胞形状及垂周壁式样、角质层及蜡质纹饰等在种间差异不大,可作种间区别的次级特征用。     

病毒病害对滇黄精生理生化特性、产量及品质的影响

【目的】明确病毒病害对滇黄精生长发育、产量及品质的影响,为深入研究病毒的致病机理提供依据。【方法】试验以滇黄精抗病和感病植株为研究对象,探讨被病毒侵染后对滇黄精叶片光合气体参数、叶绿素含量、叶绿体超微结构、超氧化物歧化酶（superoide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化物氧化酶（peroxidase,POD）、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oidase,PPO）及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL）以及块茎生物学性状,有效化学成分含量测定和分析。【结果】滇黄精受病毒侵染后,其光合作用减弱,为Pn降低了2倍左右,叶片气孔导度降低了11.25%,CO2int降低了5.79%;叶片细胞的细胞膜发生强烈的脂膜过氧化反应,MDA的含量升高了2倍以上,细胞质中散布线状病毒粒子及其聚集形成的大量内含体,细胞内叶绿体结构受损严重,部分已发生解体;叶绿素发生降解,叶绿素a和b的含量极显著减低,减少了22.97%和 35.38%。同时,其体内的防御反应被激活,防御酶包括SOD、POD、PPO、PAL的活性极显著升高,PPO升高了1.6倍。进而滇黄精地下根茎的膨大和嫩芽的生长受阻,单株鲜重降低了48.08%,根茎中多糖的相对含量减少了6.97%,皂苷含量减少了23.31%,黄酮含量减少了15.32%,总酚的含量减少了11.07%。【结论】滇黄精受病毒侵染后,细胞膜受损,防御反应被激活,光合作用减弱,最终导致产量和品质显著降低。     

福建省多花黄精生态适宜性区划研究

通过研究多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema)的生态适宜性,为其野生资源保护及人工规范化栽培提供依据。收集237份多花黄精分布位置和55个生态因子,导入最大熵(MaxEnt)模型运算,结合地理信息系统(GIS)分析其适合生长区域。结果表明,影响多花黄精生态适宜性的主要生态因子是3月降水量、年均降水量、6月降水量、5月降水量、4月降水量、2月降水量和最冷季降水量,在福建省具有广泛适宜生长区域。模型预测结果可靠,可为多花黄精野生资源保护提供参考,并为其科学种植提供指导。     

Variation in floral sex allocation in Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is well known that resource allocation to male and female functions can be highly variable in hermaphroditic plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in sexual investment at different levels (flower, plant and population) in Polygonatum odoratum, a plant with sequentially opening flowers. METHODS: Pollen and ovule production in base, middle and top flowers of P. odoratum flowering shoots from two natural populations were quantified. Plant measurements of phenotypic and functional gender were calculated in both populations. Total leaf number was used to investigate the relationship between gender assessments and plant size. KEY RESULTS: Pollen and ovule production varied depending on flower position, although the precise pattern differed between both studied populations; only investment in female floral function decreased markedly from base to top flowers in both populations. The frequency distribution of phenotypic gender and their relationship with plant size differed between populations. Phenotypic and functional gender were correlated in both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual investment in P. odoratum has shown a marked variability within plants, among plants, and between populations, which confirms the importance of analysing sex expression in plants of this type. Differences in relative investment in male and female components (phenotypic gender) are reflected in the functional gender and it would be expected that the evolution of sexual specialization in Polygonatum odoratum would be promoted.     

Plant regeneration via organogenesis from adventitious bud explants of a medicinal herb species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polygonatum cyrtonema</Emphasis>

Summary Explants derived from adventitious buds, rhizomes, stems, and leaves of a medicinal plant, Polygonatum cyrtonema, were studied for plantlet regeneration, and only adventitious bud explants were able to be regenerated into plantlets. Regeneration was also accompanied by the formation of rhizome-like tissue, the medicinal portion of the plant. The optimum hormone combination for plantlet regenertion was 4.44 μM benzyladenine plus 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, at which new adventitious buds were obtained from 96.6% of the adventitious bud explants, with an average of 5.2 buds per explant. The best medium for root induction was half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.57 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, as 92% of regenerated buds rooted. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to a greenhouse with 86% survival. Histological observation indicated that new adventitious buds originated from the superficial meristematic cell cluster of the granular callus induced from adventitious bud explants via organogenesis.     

安徽黄精属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对安徽省所产七种黄精属植物进行了花粉结构观察。结果表明,黄精属植物花粉形态较为一致,均属两侧对称;形状上多为船形,大小为（２１．５－５７．９）×（１８．９－３１．０）μｍ,具远极单沟,沟长,花粉外壁两层红等中外层略厚,或内层略层;外壁具微穿孔纹饰,穿孔大小、形状均不规则。主张在进行黄精属种间区分时,应考虑花粉外壁的某些特点。     

多年生黄精不同龄节物质累积和多糖分布特征

多糖是黄精主要活性成分类型之一.通过对陕南汉中黄精实验基地多年生黄精不同龄节干物质重量、折干率、溶出物量及糖含量等进行测定分析,研究黄精不同龄节干物质累积和多糖分布特征.结果表明,各龄节水溶出物量比相应的醇溶出物量高得多,各龄节多糖含量比相应的醇溶性糖含量高得多.随着生长时间延长,单节干物质重量、水溶出物量、多糖含量等在2-4年龄节间变化最大,生长年限再延长,单节各指标下降明显.1-3年龄节品质稳定,黄精干物质累积总量逐年增多,因此确定当地黄精的最佳采收时间为种后3年.这些结果为当地黄精的规范化生产提供了理论依据.