樟脊网蝽生物学特性观察

樟脊网蝽是香樟的重要害虫,在上海1年发生4代。4月下旬越冬卵始孵,9月下旬开始出现越冬卵。成虫末见期在11月中旬。经室内饲养,樟脊网蝽第三代各龄若虫历期为：一龄61．45±7．8h,二龄48．00±7．6h,三龄43．43±7．6h,四龄51．00±8．0h,五龄70．50±7．5h,整个若虫期历期为281．92±14．8h。第三代野外雌雄比为1：4．07。第三代每雌产2～96粒。日最高产卵量为34粒／头,孤雌可产卵。10％灭百可2000倍稀释液和50％杀螟松2000倍稀释液喷雾防治效果可达93％以上。     

Offspring performance and female preference of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on three Lauraceae tree species: A potential risk of host shift caused by larval experience

The weevil Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), native to Eastern Asia, is a wood-boring pest that causes severe damage to camphor trees (Cinnamomum sp.) in Shanghai, China. Other Lauraceae tree species that grew sympatrically with this pest in close proximity could face a potential threat. To assess the potential risks of host shift, we explored the phenotypic associations between preference and performance in P. tsushimanus reared on three Lauraceae tree species. In a no-choice experiment offering branches of each plant as diet material and oviposition sites, we found that individuals reared on Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (Laurales: Lauraceae) exhibited the strongest performance with shorter development time, higher survival and growth rate in the immature stage, longer longevity and greater fecundity in adults. In contrast, those on novel Lauraceae tree species (Cinnamomum chekiangensis Nakai and Phoebe chekiangensis Shang) had difficulty completing their whole life cycle due to significantly lower survival and reproduction. In a multiple-choice experiment, C. camphora was established as the preferred host. However, we found that the larval experiences on the non-preferred host plants contributed to an increased preference for that plant species. These results indicated that both the preference-performance hypothesis and the Hopkins’ host selection principle are applicable in this weevil under experimental conditions. It is possible that although the weevil performed poorly on two novel Lauraceae tree species, under favourable conditions their surviving offspring could evolve into a new host-specific population. Consequently, this weevil pest needs to be monitored on these novel Lauraceae tree species.     

雪白睡莲花酚类成分研究

采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS RP-18和Sephadex LH-20柱从雪白睡莲的干燥花蕾中分离得到7个酚类成分,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构,分别为:isostrictiniin(1)、老鹤草素(2)、鞣花酸(3)、短叶苏木酚(4)、Annulatin 3’-O-β-D-xyloside(5)、短叶苏木酚酸甲酯(6),1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰基葡萄糖(7)。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,5和6首次从该属植物中分得。     

香蒲对不同浓度Pb~(2+)胁迫的生理应答及其细胞超微结构变化

通过室内水培试验,研究了不同浓度Pb2+(0、0.25、0.50、1.00和2.00mmol·L-1)胁迫对东方香蒲根和叶中Pb含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性以及亚细胞结构的影响。结果显示:(1)随着外源Pb2+浓度的增加,Pb在香蒲根和叶中的积累量均显著高于对照,且Pb在根中的含量明显高于叶中,并与外源Pb2+浓度呈显著正相关关系。(2)香蒲叶片中的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量随着外源Pb2+浓度的增加呈先升后降趋势,均在处理浓度为0.50mmol·L-1时达到峰值。(3)胁迫处理叶片的MDA含量与对照相比变化不显著,但根中MDA含量呈显著下降趋势。(4)叶片中SOD活性在1.00mmol·L-1 Pb2+处理时达到峰值,然后下降,但始终高于对照,CAT和POD活性则均低于对照组;根中SOD活性除1.00mmol·L-1 Pb2+处理组外均显著低于对照组,CAT和POD活性分别在0.25和0.50mmol·L-1 Pb2+处理时达到峰值,然后随处理Pb2+浓度升高而下降。(5)电镜观察发现,Pb2+胁迫使香蒲叶细胞中叶绿体被膜破裂,类囊体膨胀、破损;根和叶细胞中的线粒体被膜均破裂、内腔空泡化,细胞核核膜破损、核仁消失、染色质凝集。研究表明,Pb2+胁迫致使东方香蒲根、叶生理代谢失衡,亚细胞结构出现不可逆的损伤,这为从分子水平研究Pb2+作用的具体机理以及香蒲在重金属污染修复中的应用提供了依据。     

Growth strategy of an emergent macrophyte, Typha orientalis Presl, in comparison with Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L.

The growth strategy of an emergent plant, Typha orientalis Presl, was examined in experimental ponds in comparison with two other Typha species distributed in Japan, Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. T. orientalis showed the greatest ability of vegetative reproduction at the expense of growth in height. T. orientalis started to produce new ramets earlier than T. latifolia and T. angustifolia. These results suggest that T. orientalis should be a rather pioneer-like species and would be restricted to disturbed habitats.     

3种植物精油对霉菌的抑制作用

肉桂 ( Cinnamomum cassia Presl)别名连桂 ,属樟科樟属 ,常绿乔木 ,高 1 0～ 1 5m,多为栽培 ,主产于广西、广东等地 ,云南、福建等省亦有分布。人们可从其叶、枝或树皮、籽中提取精油 ,精油主要用于医药及食品香精[1 ] 。山苍子 [Litsea cubeba ( Lour.) Pers]别名山鸡椒、木姜子 ,属樟科木姜子属 ,落叶灌木和乔木 ,高 8～ 1 0 m,果期 7～ 8月份 ,我国长江以南各省都有分布。民间广泛使用水蒸汽蒸馏法 ,从其果实中提制精油 ,精油主要用于调配食品、化妆品香精 ,合成其它原料及维生素 [2 ]。丁子香 [Stzygium aromaticum( Linn.)Merr.et…     

栗链蚧生物学特性及其防治试验

栗链蚧Asterolecanium castaneae Russell是危害锥粟的主要蚧虫之一。栗链蚧在福建一年发生2代,以受精的雌虫在栗树枝条上越冬。防治试验表明,选用50%快灭磷1：1000进行喷雾．原液进行涂干或注射效果最好．40%氧化乐果次之。农药混合试验表明．50％快灭磷 40%氧化乐果 80％敌敌畏原液混合进行涂干效果最好。     

Quantitative analysis of carbon balance in the reproductive organs and leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum camphora</Emphasis> (L.) Presl

We investigated seasonal changes in dry mass and CO₂ exchange rate in fruit and leaves of the evergreen tree Cinnamomum camphora with the aim of quantitatively determining the translocation balance between the two organs. The fruit dry mass growth peaked in both August and October: the first increase was due to fruit pulp development and the second to seed development. Fruit respiration also increased with the rapid increase in fruit dry mass. Therefore, the carbohydrates required for fruit development showed two peaks during the reproductive period. Fruit photosynthesis was relatively high in early August, when fruit potentially re-fixed 75% of respired CO₂, indicating that fruit photosynthesis contributed 15–35% of the carbon requirement for fruit respiration. Current-year leaves completed their growth in June when fruit growth began. Current-year leaves translocated carbohydrates at a rate of approximately 10–25 mg dry weight (dw) leaf⁻¹ day⁻¹ into other organs throughout the entire fruit growth period. This rate of translocation from current-year leaves was much higher than the amount of carbohydrate required for reproduction (ca. 3 mg dw fruit⁻¹ day⁻¹). Given the carbon balance between fruit and current-year leaves, carbohydrates for reproduction were produced within the current-year fruit-bearing shoots. C. camphora would be adaptive for steadily supplying enough amount of carbohydrate to the fruits, as there was little competition for carbohydrates between the two organs. As assimilates by leaves are used for processes such as reproduction and the formation of new shoots, photosynthesis by reproductive organs is considered to be important to compensate for reproductive cost.     

香樟、枸树主茎水分传导能力分布研究

本文从植物生长发育的机理发出,从理论推导出植物主茎传导能力与主茎长度、导管长度的关系式,导管越长,榈传导能力越大,香樟主茎长度大于１８ｃｍ、枸树大于１２ｃｍ时,传导能力随样品长度线笥变化;较知时,传导能力随样品长度的缩短迅速增加,出现短路现象。试验测定了香樟、枸树主茎水分长距离运输的传导能力分布,结果与理论预示的安全一致,表明理论分析是正确可靠的,这一规律具有普遍意义。     

四川宜宾三种乔木内生真菌的多样性

对四川宜宾同一生境中的油樟 [Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao]、香樟 [C. camphora(Linn.) Presl]和白栎(Quercus fabri Hance)三种30棵乔木根、茎、叶中的内生真菌多样性进行了研究。结果显示：三种植物中的内生真菌在属一级分类单位上都存在一定程度的多样性和器官特异性, 组丝核菌属(Phacodium Pers.)为3种植物内生真菌共有的优势属; 同时, 通过对3种植物内生真菌的比较, 发现3种植物整体及对应部