Stearidonic acid (18:4ω3) in Primula florindae

Stearidonic acid (18:4ω3), which is reported to be of rare occurrence in the plant kingdom and which is of considerable dietary and pharmaceutical interest has been found in three closely related Primula species. It occurs, together with γ-linolenic acid (3–4% of the seed oil total fatty acids), in significant percentages in Primula florindae (11%), P. sikkimensis (14%) and P. alpicola (14%). 18:4(ω3 may also be of chemotaxonomic interest in the genus Primula, as high levels may be typical for section Sikkimensis. The only commercial plant source of stearidonic acid known so far is the seed oil of Ribes nigrum.     

华南胡椒化学成分的研究

从胡椒科植物华南胡椒（Ｐｉｐｅｒ ａｕｓｔｒｏｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ Ｃ．ＤＣ．）中分离出七个成分,经光谱分析和理化常数测定,分别鉴定为Ｎ－ｉｓｏｂｕｔｙｌ－３（３＇,４＇－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｄｉｏｘｙ－５＇－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｙｌ）－２Ｅ－ｔｒｉｍｏｎｏｉｅｎａｍｉｄｅ（Ｉ）、Ｎ－ｉｓｏｂｕｔｙｌ－７（３＇,４＇－ｍｅｔｙｌｅｎｅｄｉｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｙｌ）－２Ｅ,４Ｅ－ｈｅｐｔａｄｉｅｎａｍｉｄｅ（Ⅱ     

Piper longum Constituents Induce PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death under Nutrition Starvation

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis, partly due to ‘austerity’, a phenomenon of tolerance to nutrient deprivation and survival in its hypovascular tumor microenvironment. Anti-austerity agents which preferentially diminish the survival of cancer cells under nutrition starvation is regarded as new generation anti-cancer agents. This study investigated the potential of Piper longum constituents as anti-austerity agents. The ethanolic extract of Piper longum was found to have preferential cytotoxicity towards PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells in a nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Further investigation led to the identification of pipernonaline ( 3 ) as the lead compound with the strongest anti-austerity activity, inducing cell death and inhibiting migration in a normal nutrient medium, as well as strongly inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Therefore, pipernonaline ( 3 ) holds promise as a novel antiausterity agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.     

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Fungal Strains Isolated from Piper nigrum Roots: Experimental and Computational Approaches

The current report describes the chemical investigation and biological activity of extracts produced by three fungal strains Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium simplicissimum, and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum L. growing in Vietnam. These fungi were namely determined by morphological and DNA analyses. GC/MS identification revealed that the EtOAc extracts of these fungi were associated with the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These EtOAc extracts showed cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines HepG2, inhibited various microbacterial organisms, especially fungus Aspergillus niger and yeast Candida albicans (the MIC values of 50–100 μg/mL). In α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, they induced the IC₅₀ values of 1.00-2.53 μg/mL were better than positive control acarbose (169.80 μg/mL). The EtOAc extract of F. oxysporum also showed strong anti-inflammatory activity against NO production and PGE-2 level. Four major compounds linoleic acid (37.346 %), oleic acid (27.520 %), palmitic acid (25.547 %), and stearic acid (7.030 %) from the EtOAc extract of F. oxysporum were selective in molecular docking study, by which linoleic and oleic acids showed higher binding affinity towards α-glucosidase than palmitic and stearic acids. In subsequent docking assay with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid could be moderate inhibitors.     

中国产龙葵数值分类的研究

本文通过对龙葵及变种黄果龙葵和少花龙葵的形态特征比较及系统聚类分析研究,认为可分为２个种及１个变种。     

大孔树脂纯化岩高兰多酚的工艺研究

为获得大孔树脂纯化岩高兰多酚的最佳工艺,以岩高兰的地上部分为原料,通过考察6种不同类型树脂(HPD-100、X-5、AB-8、D101、HPD-600、NKA-II)的含水率、吸附率和解吸率的大小,筛选出一种最适合纯化岩高兰多酚的树脂。在此基础上,选择对纯化工艺影响较大的4种因素(上样浓度、乙醇浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱体积),进行响应面法分析得到最佳工艺。结果表明:HPD-600型大孔树脂对岩高兰多酚的纯化效果最佳,其最优工艺参数为:上样浓度0.84 mg·mL^-1;乙醇浓度62.15%;洗脱流速0.67 mL·min^-1;洗脱体积2.71 BV。该条件下,岩高兰多酚的提取率为229.18 mg·g^-1,岩高兰多酚的纯度由8.11%提高到22.56%,回收率为67.78%。本研究为岩高兰多酚的纯化工艺提供了新的技术路线,也可为岩高兰提取物的研究和应用提供参考。     

藜芦杀虫活性的初步研究

先后以乙醇、氯仿和正丁醇为溶剂,提取了熊耳山区植物藜芦根茎中的活性物质。得到3个提取物:乙醇提取物、氯仿萃取物和正丁醇萃取物,产率分别为2.93%、1.14%和0.58%。测定了3种溶剂萃取物对粘虫、蚜虫、朱砂叶螨和蚊幼虫的毒杀活性。结果说明:这几种提取物都具有良好的毒杀效果。氯仿提取物对3龄粘虫有很强的拒食作用;乙醇提取物对4龄蚊幼虫的杀虫活性最高;3种溶剂萃取物对蚜虫的毒杀能力大小次序为:氯仿提取物>正丁醇提取物>乙醇提取物;对朱砂叶螨的毒杀力大小为:乙醇提取物>氯仿提取物>正丁醇提取物。采用试管反应法和层析法对藜芦根茎提取物进行化学成分预试,结果显示:乙醇提取物、氯仿提取物和正丁醇提取物中均含有生物碱类活性物质。     

中国龙葵复合种细胞学分析和地理分布的研究

本文根据１５省３０余个县的实地考察,和对采自２５省的６６份中国龙葵种籽进行种植观察,并与国外的有关研究资料对比分析,在国内首次提出;（１）中国龙葵复合种的四个种,从低纬度到高纬度（１８．６－５３．５°Ｎ）,分别属于二倍体,四倍体和六倍体种;（２）从中国南方到北方,自然形成了二倍体,六倍体与二倍体交叉,六倍体与四倍体交叉三个地理分布区。     

寄主植物对橄榄星室木虱自然种群的影响

通过野外调查和室内测试,结果表明:橄榄星室木虱Pseudophacopteron canarium在橄榄Canarium album和乌榄C.nigrum上均能完成生长发育,且其种群数量都有不同程度的增长,其中橄榄的2个品系间的星室木虱种群趋势指数(I)差异不大,分别为24.4165和20.0738,而乌榄的明显比橄榄的低,仅为9.7575,即乌榄的木虱数量增速较慢。在供试的寄主植物品种中,乌榄叶片中单宁含量是橄榄的3倍以上,而蛋白质含量相对较低。     

Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats

BACKGROUNDS: Recently, potential liver toxicity was discussed with the intake of kava extract preparations (Piper methysticum) as anxiolytic drugs. The aim of this study was to test chronic toxicity in rats by oral application of an ethanolic kava full extract. METHODS: Wistar rats of both sexes were fed 7.3 or 73 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic kava extract for 3 and 6 months. The animals were examined for changes in body weight, hematological and liver parameters, and macroscopical and microscopical histological changes in the major organs. RESULTS: No signs of toxicity could be found. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in accordance with the medical experience regarding the use of kava preparations and the long tradition of kava drinking in the South Pacific island states. Specifically, the results do not back the suspicion of potential liver toxicity.