多胞锈菌属（锈菌目，多胞锈菌科）3新种和两中国新记录

报道了多胞锈菌属Phragmidium(多胞锈菌科Phragmidiaceae)的3个新种和两中国新记录。新种是采自香莓Rubus pungens var. oldhamii上的多隔多胞锈菌P.multiseptatum、采自峨眉蔷薇Rosa omeiensis上的粗壮多胞锈菌P. robustum以及采自华中悬钩子Rubus cockburnianus上的西藏多胞锈菌P. tibeticum。中国新记录是二花悬钩子Rubus biflorus和掌叶悬钩子R. pentagonus上的八室多胞锈菌P. octoloculare以及秀丽悬钩子Rubus amabilis、香莓R.pungens var.oldhamii、柔毛针刺悬钩子R.pungens var. villosus和西藏悬钩子R. thibetanus上的香莓多胞锈菌P. rubi-oldhami。     

An Evaluation of the Rust FungusGymnoconia nitensas a Potential Biological Control Agent for AlienRubusSpecies in Hawaii

The rust fungusGymnoconia nitensinfects blackberry (Rubus argutus) systemically in regions of the continental United States, producing bright yellow–orange masses of spores on newly developing floricanes during springtime. In tests to determine the suitability of this rust as a biological control agent forR. penetransin Hawaii, a species now thought to be conspecific withR. argutus,rooted cuttings of the Hawaiian plants were grown at North Carolina State University, inoculated, and observed. Other introduced weedyRubusspp. in Hawaii, includingR. ellipticus, R. rosifolius,andR. glaucus,as well as the two endemic speciesR. hawaiensisandR. macraei,also were inoculated. No species ofRubusare of commercial importance in Hawaii, but the protection of the native species, of whichR. macraeiis rare, was of utmost concern. The native Hawaiian species did not survive well in North Carolina in this study, however. Later availability of a plant pathogen containment laboratory in Hawaii enabled similar tests to be conducted at that facility. In addition to the above species,R. spectabilis(salmonberry), a species native to the Pacific Northwest with which the HawaiianRubusspp. are thought to share a common ancestor, was inoculated in Hawaii. Infection withG. nitensunder natural field conditions becomes apparent only when sporulation occurs on floricanes the second year following infection. However, experimental inoculation led to early responses of chlorotic leaf flecking and puckering, leaf and stem contortion, and stem gall formation, indicating the sensitivity ofR. penetrans(=R. argutus),R. hawaiensis,andR. macraeito this rust. Apparent systemic infection also resulted in sporulation on one plant ofR. macraei.Ability to attack the endemic species suggests thatG. nitenswould not be suitable for release in Hawaii as a biological control agent, at least on the islands with populations of the native species.