广西杠柳属一新种

广西杠柳属一新种方鼎,凌惠珠（广西中医药研究所,南宁５３００２２）关键词杠柳属;大花杠柳;新种;广西ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＰＥＲＩＰＬＯＣＡＬＩＮＮ．（ＡＳＣＬＥＰＩＡＤＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ￥ＦａｎｇＤｉｎｇａｎｄＬｉｎｇＨｕｉｚｈ...     

杠柳橡胶合成关键基因CPT、SRPP和REF启动子克隆与表达特性分析

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）是天然橡胶的主要来源。受热带气候条件限制,我国巴西橡胶树种植面积有限,天然橡胶自给率低。杠柳（Periploca sepium）可以合成顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯（天然橡胶的主要成分）,是一种天然橡胶的新型替代植物,但其合成调控机理尚不明确。本研究利用染色体步移方法,克隆获得了杠柳顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯合成关键酶顺式-异戊烯基转移酶（cis-prenyltransferase,CPT）、小橡胶粒子蛋白（small rubber particle protein,SRPP）和橡胶延长因子（rubber elongation factor,REF）基因的启动子序列。以β-葡糖醛酸酶（β-glucuronidase,GUS）基因为报告基因,利用农杆菌（Agrobacterium）介导稳定遗传转化法解析了这3个启动子的组织表达特性。结果显示,这三者在杠柳的叶片和茎中均有表达,特别是在叶脉和维管束位置共同表达,提示在这些部位REF和SRPP与CPT可能相互作用,共同完成天然橡胶的主要成分顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的聚合。本研究为解析杠柳中天然橡胶的生物合成机制以及培育高产天然橡胶新品种提供了理论基础。     

盐分胁迫下杠柳叶片光合特性的光响应研究

利用CID型便携式光合作用仪测定不同NaCl浓度下杠柳叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率（WUE）及光能利用率(LUE)生理参数的光响应过程,阐明盐分胁迫下其对光照响应的规律,探讨有利于杠柳正常生长的盐分浓度和光照条件。结果表明:（1）各盐分浓度下杠柳叶片光补偿点（LCP）在21.89～65.05 μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间变动,介于阴性植物与阳性植物之间;杠柳随土壤盐分的不同,其光合作用参数对光照强度表现出一定的适应性和可塑性;50 mmol·L^-1盐分浓度下杠柳光合同化能力最强,最有利于其干物质的积累,表现出一定的耐盐性。（2）轻度的盐分胁迫（小于50 mmol·L^-1）可以提高杠柳叶片的P_n、G_s、WUE和LUE,而盐分胁迫对杠柳的T_r有抑制作用,并随着盐分浓度的增加其抑制作用愈强烈。（3）维持杠柳正常生长的土壤盐分浓度小于50 mmol·L^-1,最佳PAR为1 000～2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1;而保持杠柳最大WUE和LUE的光照强度分别为800和100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

Five new C21 steroidal glycosides from Periploca sepium

Five new C₂₁ steroidal glycosides, named periseosides A-E (1-5), along with six known analogues, were isolated from the root barks of Periploca sepium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. All compounds were evaluated for their immunosuppressive activities.     

Structural revision of periplocosides and periperoxides, natural immunosuppressive agents from the genus Periploca

The structures of a series of peroxy function containing pregnane glycosides isolated from Periploca sepium and Periploca forrestii were revised to be orthoester group bearing ones using 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, as well as chemical transformations and X-ray crystallographic diffraction analysis. The orthoester function appears to be an essential structural feature for immunosuppressive activity.     

盐胁迫对杠柳幼苗中次生代谢产物积累的影响

摘要 为了探索盐胁迫对杠柳幼苗生长及次生代谢物的影响,初步了解杠柳盐耐受范围及盐胁迫对杠柳次生代谢产物的诱导作用。本试验以培养30 d的杠柳实生苗为材料,测定不同盐浓度（0（CK）、0.2 %、0.5 %、1.0 %、2.0 %）处理后,杠柳幼苗的生物量及总甾体成分、强心苷类成分（杠柳毒苷、杠柳次苷及杠柳苷元）、4-甲氧基水杨醛含量的变化特征。结果表明,杠柳幼苗在中低盐浓度盐胁迫下生长良好,且地上部分干鲜重及地下部分干重均有不同程度的增加,其干湿比也均随盐胁迫程度的增加逐渐升高;植株体内的主要有效成分如总甾体、强心苷类的含量在中等盐胁迫浓度作用下呈现明显上升趋势,而4-甲氧基水杨醛则在高盐胁迫下含量显著增加。研究发现,杠柳具有较高的耐盐性,且一定范围内的盐胁迫可显著提高杠柳幼苗根茎中主要药效成分含量。     

Characterization and phytochemical constituents of Periploca hydaspidis Falc crude extract and its anticancer activities

The current study aims to investigate the anticancer potential of Periploca hydaspidis extracts against HCCLM3 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines with invasive properties and to identify molecular targets underlying its action mechanism. Cytotoxic screening of plant extracts was done via MTT assay against liver and breast cancer cell lines and GC/MS of the best cytotoxic fraction was performed to identify its chemical composition. Flow cytometry detected apoptosis and cell-cycle changes after drug treatment. The specified cells were studied for migration and invasion potential along with performing western blot analysis of proteins involved in apoptosis, cell-cycle, metastasis, and MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) cell-signaling pathway. The results revealed the crude methanol (PHM) fraction of P. hydaspidis shown dose and time dependent cell-proliferative inhibition response. GC/MS analysis detected 54 compounds of which fatty acids (29.8%), benzenoids (15.7%), and esters (14.3%) constituted the bulk. The inhibitory effect against cancer cells was linked with cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, induction of apoptosis, reduced migration and invasion capabilities post treatment. PHM induced apoptosis via downregulation of anti-apoptotic (survivin, B-cell lymphoma Extra-large; BCL-XL, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; XIAP, Myelocytomatosis; C-myc), metastatic (Matrix metallopeptidases 9/2; MMP9/2), and cell-cycle regulatory (cyclin D1 and E) proteins, whereas upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer; BAK, Bcl-2-Associate X protein; BAX, cleaved caspases; 3,7,8,9, and PARP) and activation of MAPK (Jun amino-terminal kinase; JNK and P38) pathway. P38 was needed for PHM-induced apoptosis, where the inhibition of P38 by pharmacological inhibitor (SB239063) diminished the apoptotic effects. Overall, our results conclude that PHM can inhibit cell-proliferation and induce apoptotic effects by activation of P38 MAPK cell-signaling pathway. This suggests the methanol fraction of P. hydaspidis (PHM) to have anticancer compounds, potentially useful for treating liver and breast cancer. In future, one-step advance studies of PHM regarding its role in metastatic inhibition, immune response modulation for reducing tumor, and inducing apoptosis in suitable animal models would be an interesting and promising research area.     

峨眉杠柳化学成分的研究

从峨眉杠柳中分离得到7个化合物,通过波谱学等方法鉴定为熊果酸(1),( )-1-羟基松脂酚(2),23-羟基齐墩果酸(3),β-谷甾醇(4),27-羟基-α-香树脂醇(5),胡萝卜苷(6),杠柳苷(7).其中化合物1～7为首次从峨眉杠柳中分离鉴定.