甘草属植物化学和药理学研究进展

本文对近年发表的有关甘草属植物化学和药理学研究文献进行了综述,其中包括了得自本属植物的新的黄酮类、三萜类成分。文中以表格形式列出了各类成分的名称、结构、物理常数和植物来源,并对某些成分的生理活性作了归纳。     

Plectranthoic acid,acetylplectranthoic acid and plectranthadiol,three triterpenoids from Plectranthus rugosus

Sitosterol and three new pentacyclic triterpenoids, plectranthoic acid, acetylplectranthoic acid and plectranthadiol, have been isolated from leaves of P. rugosus. From spectroscopic evidence and chemical behaviour the structure of plectranthoic acid was established as (19S)-3α-hydroxy-18α-urs-12-en-29β-oic acid and acetylplectranthoic acid is the 3α-acetyl derivative of this compound. Plectranthadiol is (19S)- 3α-hydroxy-18α-urs-12-en-29β-ol.     

Durvilldiol and durvillonol: Structure and occurrence

The triterpenoids durvilldiol and durvillonol, isolated in earlier studies from the lichen Pseudocyphellaria berberina, syn. P. durvillei, are identified as stictane-3β,22α-diol and 22α-hydroxystictan-3-one respectively.     

Triterpenoids and steroids of some Sapotaceae and their chemotaxonomic significance

Extraction of the bark and timber of four Madhuca and five Palaquium species has yielded β-amyrin, β-amyrin acetate, β-amyrin cinnamate,     

Triterpenoid saponins and sapogenins: 1973–1978

The triterpenoid saponins identified in plants during the period 1973 to 1978 inclusive are reviewed. Their natural occurrence, chemistry and biological activities are discussed. A compilation of all saponins, the structures of which have been fully elucidated, is included.     

A new compound, 21α-hydroxyfriedel-4(23)-en-3-one and other triterpenoids from Phyllanthus reticulatus

The petrol extracts of the stems and leaves of Phyllanthus reticulatus both gave friedelin and sitosterol, and that of the former also friedelan-3β-ol, glochidonol, 21α-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one and a new compound, which was proved to be 21α-hydroxyfriedel-4(23)-en-3-one. The ethanol extract of the stems yielded betulinic acid.     

The identification of cholesterol and other steroids in Euphorbia pulcherimma

The 4-desmethyl tetracycles of the whole poinsettia plant (Euphorbia pulcherimma) less roots amounted to 0.07% of the wet wt and were shown by ¹H NMR spectroscopy to be steroids and not euphoids. The most abundant component was cholesterol, constituting half the mixture, followed in order of decreasing concentration by 24α-ethylcholesterol (sitosterol), 24α-methylcholesterol (campesterol) and 24β-methylcholesterol (22-dihydrobrassicasterol). The relative amount of cholesterol in this plant is the highest found so far in a tracheophyte. The 4,4-dimethyl compounds (0.1% of wet wt) included lanosterol (5%), 24-dihydrolansterol (5%), β-amyrin (25%), germanicol (50%), an unidentified pentacyclic triterpenoid (8%) and two or more (7%) unidentified components. Both the 4,4-dimethyl- and the 4-desmethylsterols were in the configurational series with a 20α-H-atom. Dihydrolanosterol and lanosterol are the probable intermediates from cycloartenol to cholesterol and 24-alkylcholesterol, respectively. Such a sequence would differ from that operating in most angiosperms, where the alkylation is thought to precede the opening of the 9,19-cyclopropane ring.