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排序方式: 共有65条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Dr. V. N. Soyfer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1980,58(5):225-235
Summary Injection of exogenous barley donor DNA into grains of barley recipient plants at the milk maturity stage, with a specially designed syringe, led to the appearance of transformed plants. The transformation (in rare cases) was caused by the unsheared DNA since the DNA passing through the syringe needle remained relatively stable (106 to 107 daltons) as was confirmed by DNA sedimentation analysis.14 plants grown from seeds injected with highly polymeric DNA containing close to 30 per cent protein had transformed pollen grains. In the 2nd generation only 2 plants from the 8 studied preserved these changes. In the progeny of these two plants, i.e., in the 3rd seed generation after injection, 82.1 per cent of plants preserved the transformed characters. The next, 4th generation, preserved a transformed phenotype in 89.6 per cent of plants.It was also shown that reversion to a recipient-like state was not always constant. We found the reversion of transformed properties (i.e., normal starch and two-rowed spikes) in 40 per cent of the 4th generation descendants of one of the plants which had lost the phenotypical expression of these properties in the 3rd generation but had them in the 2nd generation.The study of the morphological properties of transformed plants showed that with respect to phenotypic expression some characters were changed towards the donor type, some remained as in the recipients and some were of the intermediate type. 相似文献
2.
P. Rafter N McHugh T. Pabiou D.P. Berry 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2022,16(8):100604
Monitoring the rate of change in inbreeding and genetic diversity within a population is important to guide breeding programmes. Such interest stems from the impact of loss in genetic diversity on sustainable genetic gain but also the impact on performance (i.e. inbreeding depression). The objective of the present study was to evaluate trends in inbreeding and genetic diversity in 43 066 Belclare, 120 753 Charollais, 22 652 Galway, 78 925 Suffolk, 187 395 Texel, and 19 821 Vendeen purebred sheep. The effective population size for each of the six breeds was between 116.0 (Belclare population) and 314.8 (Charollais population). The Charollais population was the most genetically diverse with the greatest number of effective founders, effective ancestors, and effective founder genomes; conversely, the Belclare was the least genetically diverse population with the fewest number of effective founders, effective ancestors, and effective founder genomes for each of the six breeds investigated. Overall, the effective population sizes and the total genetic diversity within each of the six breeds were above the minimum thresholds generally considered to be required for the long-term viability of a population. 相似文献
3.
M. N. Inagaki G. Varughese S. Rajaram M. van Ginkel A. Mujeeb-Kazi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(4):550-556
Yield performance of each group of ten spring bread wheat lines selected by doubled haploid (DH), single-seed descent (SSD)
and pedigree selection (PS) methods from three F1 crosses was compared with the aim of evaluating the DH method in breeding programs. Populations of 65–97 DH lines and 110
SSD lines per cross were used for selection. PS lines were developed by repeated selections from 1500 F2 plants. Yield evaluation was performed at the F6 generation of SSD and PS lines along with DH lines in a 2-year field experiment. It took only 2 years from the planting of
wheat materials for DH production to the planting of selected DH lines for yield evaluation. There was no significant difference
in grain yield between DH lines and PS lines selected from an F1 cross whose parental varieties were closely related in their pedigrees. In two crosses with low coefficients of parentage
and a large variation in their progenies, grain yield of selected DH lines was significantly lower than those of selected
SSD and PS lines. These results confirm that the DH method can save time in obtaining recombinant inbred lines ready for yield
evaluation. However, a larger DH population is required to achieve the same level of genetic advance with the PS method in
crosses containing greater genetic variation.
Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 March 1998 相似文献
4.
A simple population genetic model is presented for a hermaphrodite annual species, allowing both selfing and outcrossing. Those male gametes (pollen) responsible for outcrossing are assumed to disperse much further than seeds. Under this model, the pedigree of a sample from a single locality is loop-free. A novel Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy is presented for sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the pedigree of such a sample and the parameters of the population genetic model (including the selfing rate) given the genotypes of the sampled individuals at unlinked marker loci. The computational costs of this Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy scale well with the number of individuals in the sample, and the number of marker loci, but increase exponentially with the age (time since colonisation from the source population) of the local population. Consequently, this strategy is particularly suited to situations where the sample has been collected from a population which is the result of a recent colonisation process. 相似文献
5.
高油酸花生遗传育种研究进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
陈静 《植物遗传资源学报》2011,12(2):190-196
花生是我国重要的油料作物,子仁中油酸和亚油酸的含量达到80%左右,其中油酸是影响花生油理化稳定性和营养价值的重要品质指标。十五以来,为进一步提升我国花生国际竞争力和满足国内人们对高品质花生油的消费需求,培育高油酸花生品种成为我国重要的花生品质育种目标之一。本文综述了国内外高油酸花生突变体、高油酸含量性状的遗传规律和分子机理、育成发放的高油酸花生品种的研究进展,对高油酸花生品种系谱、育成方式进行分析。分析高油酸花生育种中存在的问题,以期为我国高油酸花生育种提供参考。 相似文献
6.
豚鹿属我国国家I级重点保护动物,目前国内野生种群已经灭绝,人工圈养数量少,已极度濒危。成都动物园是国内最大的豚鹿饲养单位,对该园内豚鹿进行亲子鉴定及遗传谱系建立是我国豚鹿拯救工程中一重要环节。本文利用7个微卫星标记对成都动物园27只豚鹿个体进行了基因分型,在母本已知情况下成功鉴定了13对父子关系,其中排除法鉴定8对,似然法鉴定5对且置信度达95%。将亲子鉴定的结果辅以动物园豚鹿圈养的历史记录,我们构建了该园豚鹿的遗传谱系图。本文的研究成果将为后续人工繁殖中亲本雌雄配对的个体选择以及种群的遗传管理提供参考。 相似文献
7.
Jordan D. R. Tao Y. Z. Godwin I. D. Henzell R. G. Cooper M. McIntyre C. L. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2005,14(4):441-454
Seventy sorghum inbred lines which formed part of the Queensland Department of Primary Industries (QDPI) sorghum breeding program were screened with 104 previously mapped RFLP markers. The lines were related by pedigree and consisted of ancestral source lines, intermediate lines and recent releases from the program. We compared the effect of defining marker alleles using either identity by state (IBS) or identity by descent (IBD) on our capacity to trace markers through the pedigree and detect evidence of selection for particular alleles. Allelic identities defined using IBD were much more sensitive for detecting non-Mendelian segregation in this pedigree. Only one marker allele showed significant evidence of selection when IBS was used compared with ten regions with particular allelic identities when IBD was used. Regions under selection were compared with the location of QTLs for agronomic traits known to be under selection in the breeding program. Only two of the ten regions were associated with known QTLs that matched with knowledge of the agronomic characteristics of the ancestral lines. Some of the other regions were hypothesised to be associated with genes for particular traits based on the properties of the ancestral source lines. 相似文献
8.
T. Yamamoto T. Kimura Y. Sawamura K. Kotobuki Y. Ban T. Hayashi N. Matsuta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):865-870
Apple simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were intergenerically applied to the characterization of 36 pear accessions, including
19 Japanese pears (Pyrus pyrifolia), 7 Chinese pears (P. bretschneideri, P. ussuriensis), 5 European pears (P. communis), 3 wild relatives (P. calleryana), and 2 hybrids between P. pyrifolia and P. communis. All of the tested SSR primers derived from apple produced discrete amplified fragments in all pear accessions. Nucleotide
repeats were detected in the amplified bands by both Southern blot and sequencing analysis, and nucleotide sequences of pear
were compared with those of apple. The differences in fragment size among pear or between pear and apple were, in many cases,
due to the differences in repeat number. Interestingly, the DNA sequence of flanking regions in apple was highly conserved
in pear. Hybrids from P. pyrifolia×P. communis showed one fragment inherited from each parent in all scorable cases, which suggested that each primer pair amplified fragments
originating from the same locus. A total of 79 alleles were detected from seven SSR loci in pear, and all pear varieties except
for the mutants could be differentiated. In conclusion, SSRs isolated from apple are highly conserved in pear and could be
utilized as DNA markers in the latter genus.
Received: 17 July 2000 / Accepted: 22 September 2000 相似文献
9.
J. De Riek J. Dendauw M. Mertens M. De Loose J. Heursel E. Van Bockstaele 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(7-8):1155-1165
Fluorescent AFLP and automated data analysis were employed to assess the genetic conformity within a breeders’ collection
of evergreen azaleas. The study included 75 genotypes of Belgian pot azaleas (Rhododendron simsii Planch. hybrids), Kurume and Hirado azaleas and wild ancestor species from the Tsutsusi subgenus. Fluorescent detection and addition of an internal size standard to each lane enabled the automated scoring of each
fragment arising from a single AFLP primer combination (PC). The use of three PCs generated an initial data set with a total
of 648 fragments ranging from 70 bp to 450 bp. Different marker selection thresholds for average fluorescent signal intensity
and marker frequency were used to create eight extra restricted data subsets. Pairwise plant genetic similarity was calculated
for the nine data sets using the Simple Matching coefficient (symmetrical, including double-zeros) and Jaccard coefficient
(asymmetrical, excluding double zeros). The averages, the ranges and the correlation to one other (Mantel analysis) were compared
for the obtained similarity matrices. This revealed the sensitivity of ordinations obtained by both similarity coefficients
for the presence of weak or intensive markers or for the degree of polymorphism of the markers. For 34 cultivars, pedigree
information (at maximum to the fifth ancestor generation) was available. Genetic similarity by descent (kinship coefficient)
was turned into a genetic distance and correlated to the genetic conformity, as revealed by the different selections of AFLP
markers (Mantel analysis). Use of a Simple Matching coefficient with no or moderate selection to signal intensity and excluding
rare and abundant markers gave the best correlation with pedigree. Finally, the ordination of the studied genotypes by means
of dendrograms and principal co-ordinate analysis was confronted with known or accepted relationships based on geographical
origin, parentage and morphological characters. Genotypes could be assigned to three distinct groups: pot azaleas, Kurume
azaleas and Hirado azaleas. Wild ancestor species appeared to be more related to the Japanese azaleas. Intermediate cultivars
could be typified as crossings with Kurume or Hirado azaleas or with wild species.
Received: 3 September 1998 / Accepted: 25 March 1999 相似文献
10.
Woo-Jin Kim Young-Ok Kim Bo-Hye Nam Hee Jeong Kong Eun-Mi Park Jung-Ha Kang Jeong-Ho Lee Kyung-Kil Kim 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(4):1105-1111
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) can be used to identify microsatellite markers. We developed 81 polymorphic microsatellite
markers from 4,940 ESTs of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Out of 100 EST-derived microsatellites for which PCR primers were designed, 81 loci were polymorphic in 30 individuals from
a single natural population with 2–28 (mean 10.6) alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities of these loci
were 0.033–1.000 and 0.033–0.965, respectively. Segregation analysis within a mapping family revealed non-amplifying null
alleles at five loci. These new EST-derived microsatellite markers should be useful for population genetic analyses, pedigree
tracing and constructing a linkage map for olive flounder. 相似文献