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H. Schutkowski 《International Journal of Anthropology》1987,2(4):347-352
Facing the requirements of refined paleodemographical analyses, the access to the early ontogenetic sex ratio of skeletal
populations is an important feature. Using raw data provided byFazekas & Kosa (1978) for a sample of known sex, discriminant functions are derived from hip and thigh bone dimensions that allow an almost
unbiased classification of more than 70% of fetal and neonate individuals. 相似文献
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Accuracy and direction of error in the sexing of the skeleton: implications for paleodemography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R S Meindl C O Lovejoy R P Mensforth L Don Carlos 《American journal of physical anthropology》1985,68(1):79-85
Determinations of sex by subjective assessment of the skulls from a skeletal series of known sex were compared to fully independent assessments based on pelves of the same specimens. Within-sex correlations of cranial and pelvic morphologies measured on an android-gynecoid scale were smaller than expected. Subjective assessment by means of the skull compared favorably to that of the linear discriminant functions of Giles and Elliot; however, the direction of error was similar for both procedures. Of course, estimations based on the pelves were generally superior to both in terms of frequency and overall bias of error. The bias of sex estimation for paleodemographic purposes is contingent upon completeness of skeletal remains. 相似文献
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S L Whittington 《American journal of physical anthropology》1991,85(2):167-184
Heterogeneity and small sample size are problems that affect many paleodemographic studies. The former can cause the overall distribution of age at death to be an amalgam that does not accurately reflect the distributions of any of the groups composing the heterogeneous population. The latter can make it difficult to separate significant from nonsignificant demographic differences between groups. Survival analysis, a methodology that involves the survival distribution function and various regression models, can be applied to distributions of age at death in order to reveal statistically significant demographic differences and to control for heterogeneity. Survival analysis was used on demographic data from a heterogeneous sample of skeletons of low status Maya who lived in and around Copan, Honduras, between A.D. 400 and 1200. Results contribute to understanding the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. 相似文献
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The analysis of traumatic fractures can provide valuable information concerning the affects of sociopolitical factors upon
the health of prehistoric populations. However, such information can only be acquired by implementing a quantitative demographic
approach. The present research applies such a method to longbone fractures in two medieval Christian populations excavated
from ancient Nubia. Long-bones of two hundred and eighteen individuals from an early (550 to 750 A.D.) Christian cemetery
and 188 individuals from a late (750 to 1450 A.D.) Christian cemetery were examined for evidence of traumatic fracture. Analysis
included a determination of fracture rates, age and sex related fracture patterns, and rate of fracture per years at risk.
The results of this study indicate that the majority of fractures in both cemeteries were likely caused by accidental falls.
Fractures resulting from direct (possibly interpersonal) violence were found in both samples, though at a higher frequency
in the early Christian population (27% versus 16%). Middle-aged adults (particularly males) of the early cemetery exhibited
a higher than expected risk to fractures indicating an activity related cause of injury. In contrast, the late Christian population
showed a marked increase in fractures among both children and the elderly. This distribution may reflect changes in health
and residential architecture which occurred during the late Christian period. 相似文献
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Femoral diaphyseal histomorphometric age determinations for the Shanidar 3, 4, 5, and 6 Neandertals and Neandertal longevity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Histomorphometric analysis of femoral diaphyseal fragments from the Shanidar 3, 4, 5, and 6 Neandertals provide age at death estimates of 41 (+/- 6.7), 36 (+/- 6.7), 40 (+/- 6.7), and 24 (+/- 6.7) years. These determinations are in agreement with previous macroscopic age assessments. Since the Shanidar 3, 4, and 5 (and slightly younger Shanidar 1) individuals are among the oldest known Neandertals, these age determinations suggest that significant postreproductive survival was rare among the Neandertals and a phenomenon primarily of anatomically modern humans. 相似文献
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Nancy Howell 《American journal of physical anthropology》1982,59(3):263-269
Lovejoy and colleagues excavated some 1327 skeletons deposited around 800 to 1100 A.D. at a site near Lake Erie in Ohio, called Libben. Examination of the implications of the life table presented for the living group which produced the cemetery shows that it would have had to be an extremely young population, in which many of the children would be orphans, in which the adults would have had to work hard and effectively to support the group, and almost none of whom would have lived long enough to become grandparents. The unusual and implausible features of the population structure can be interpreted as direct evidence on prehistoric living conditions, or alternatively, as a caution that the life table may include sources of error or bias. 相似文献
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