大鼠Pael -R基因shRNA干扰载体的构建及功能筛选鉴定

目的:构建并筛选针对大鼠Pael -R基因的有效shRNA干扰载体并鉴定其干扰效果.方法:构建三个针对大鼠Pael-R基因的shRNA表达载体,利用脂质体转染大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞PC12,以G418筛选抗性细胞克隆并利用RT-PCR和Western Blotting鉴定Pael -R基因的表达.结果:在构建的3个干扰载体中,转染pRNA-U6/PaelR -3的细胞克隆中Pael -R表达在mRNA水平为29％,与对照组相比下降了45.3％,在蛋白质水平为32％,下降了27.3％ (P＜0.05).结论:构建了Pael -R基因的有效干扰载体pRNA-U6/PaelR -3,并得到了Pael -R基因表达下调型PC12细胞克隆,为研究Pael -R基因表达下调在帕金森病的发病机制及其治疗中的作用奠定了基础.     

GPR37 Protein Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane Regulated by Prosaposin and GM1 Gangliosides Promotes Cell Viability

The subcellular distribution of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR37 affects cell viability and is implicated in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism. Intracellular accumulation and aggregation of GPR37 cause cell death, whereas GPR37 located in the plasma membrane provides cell protection. We define here a pathway through which the recently identified natural ligand, prosaposin, promotes plasma membrane association of GPR37. Immunoabsorption of extracellular prosaposin reduced GPR37^tGFP surface density and decreased cell viability in catecholaminergic N2a cells. We found that GPR37^tGFP partitioned in GM1 ganglioside-containing lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of live cells. This partitioning required extracellular prosaposin and was disrupted by lipid raft perturbation using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or cholesterol oxidase. Moreover, complex formation between GPR37^tGFP and the GM1 marker cholera toxin was observed in the plasma membrane. These data show functional association between GPR37, prosaposin, and GM1 in the plasma membrane. These results thus tie together the three previously defined components of the cellular response to insult. Our findings identify a mechanism through which the receptor''s natural ligand and GM1 may protect against toxic intracellular GPR37 aggregates observed in parkinsonism.     

Targeting of gp78 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation by Hrd1: Cross-talk between E3s in the endoplasmic reticulum

There are an increasing number of ubiquitin ligases (E3s) implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) in mammals. The two for which the greatest amount of information exists are the RING finger proteins gp78 and Hrd1, which are the structural orthologs of the yeast ERAD E3 Hrd1p. We now report that Hrd1, also known as synoviolin, targets gp78 for proteasomal degradation independent of the ubiquitin ligase activity of gp78, without evidence of a reciprocal effect. This degradation is observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking Hrd1, as well as with acute manipulation of Hrd1. The significance of this is underscored by the diminished level of a gp78-specific substrate, Insig-1, when Hrd1 expression is decreased and gp78 levels are consequently increased. These finding demonstrate a previously unappreciated level of complexity of the ubiquitin system in ERAD and have potentially important ramifications for processes where gp78 is implicated including regulation of lipid metabolism, metastasis, cystic fibrosis and neurodegenerative disorders.