科尔沁沙地流动沙丘掘穴蚁蚁丘分布及影响因素

以科尔沁沙地典型流动沙丘作为研究对象,通过样方法调查分析了不同地形上掘穴蚁的蚁丘密度、直径、盖度及其与土壤环境的关系,讨论了不同地形和土壤环境对掘穴蚁筑丘活动的影响,并探讨了蚁丘的空间分布格局.结果表明：受到地形变化影响的土壤环境和地形共同影响掘蚁穴的筑巢活动,蚁丘密度表现为丘顶>背风坡>迎风坡;蚁丘直径和盖度均表现为丘顶>迎风坡>背风坡,并且亦均受到蚁丘密度的制约.蚁丘的空间格局表现为随机分布型.地形及土壤环境的共同作用决定了掘穴蚁的筑巢行为.     

PROSPECT5耦合4SAIL模型的亚热带典型森林冠层反射率时间序列模拟

冠层反射率在森林植被类型精确解译、森林碳同化关键参数如叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素等遥感反演等方面具有重要意义.本研究以亚热带毛竹林、雷竹林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林3种典型森林类型为研究对象,通过耦合PROSPECT5和4SAIL模型模拟其冠层反射率时间序列.首先,对PROSPECT5和4SAIL模型参数进行敏感性分析,探讨模型参数对冠层反射率的影响;其次,利用实测反射率对不敏感参数进行优化,并确定其参数值;最后,耦合PROSPECT5和4SAIL模型模拟3种亚热带森林冠层反射率,并与MODIS反射率进行对比.结果表明:LAI对第1、2、3、5、7波段最敏感,各波段的总敏感指数分别为0.80、0.83、0.94、0.66、0.47;叶绿素含量对第4波段最敏感,总敏感指数为0.59;叶片含水量对第6波段的敏感性最大,总敏感性指数为0.54;叶子结构参数、类胡萝卜素、热点参数、干物质含量和土壤干湿比等参数对各个波段都不敏感或敏感性较小.优化后的PROSPECT5和4SAIL模型模拟得到的冠层反射率能够真实反映3种典型森林的季节性变化规律,通过与MODIS反射率对比分析发现,模拟冠层反射率和MODIS反射率之间具有较高的决定系数,分别为0.86、0.90、0.93,均方根误差(RMSE)也较小,分别为0.09、0.07、0.05,且模拟反射率能在一定程度上解决MODIS反射率数据冬季易受雨雪、混合像元影响等问题.     

Hyperspectral indices for estimating leaf biochemical properties in temperate deciduous forests: Comparison of simulated and measured reflectance data sets

This study aimed at finding efficient hyperspectral indices for estimating three leaf biochemical parameters: chlorophyll content (CHL, μg cm⁻²), leaf water thickness (EWT, g cm⁻²), and leaf mass per area (LMA, g cm⁻²) in typical temperate deciduous forests. These parameters are required by most biogeochemical models that describe ecosystem functions. We have identified the most efficient hyperspectral indices (both the index types and the wavelength domains) based on both a simulated data set (produced with the calibrated leaf reflectance model PROSPECT) and with data sets (I, II, and III) from measurement of field-collected leaves. Results indicated that CHL, EWT, and LMA can be estimated with high precision using a two-waveband vegetation index (Double Deference index, DDn) for all parameters, with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.87 μg cm⁻² for CHL, 0.0011 g cm⁻² for EWT, and 0.0015 g cm⁻² for LMA. The best overall indices for temperate deciduous forests were DDn (715, 185) for CHL, DDn (1530, 525) for EWT, and DDn (1235, 25) for LMA, although these indices were not necessarily the best for every specific data set (especially for the simulated data set). Moreover, discrepancies were obvious when the identified indices were applied to different data sets. Even if the wavelengths of calibrated indices have been accurately determined through the simulated data set, the regressions between the indices and the biochemical parameters must be calibrated with field-based measurements. The indices identified in this study are applicable to various species (data set III), various phenological stages and locations (data set I), and various leaf anatomies (data set II) and may therefore be widely applicable for temperate deciduous forests and possibly for other plant communities.     

辐射传输模型多尺度反演植被理化参数研究进展

植被是生态系统最重要的组成成分之一,许多与植被有关的物质能量交换过程都与植被的理化参数密切相关,因此定量估算植被的理化参数含量对监测植被生长状况、森林火灾预警以及研究全球碳氮循环过程等都具有重要意义.在众多定量反演植被理化参数的方法中,基于数学、物理学以及生物学的基本理论建立起来的辐射传输模型受到越来越多的关注.辐射传输模型描述了植被与入射辐射之间的相互作用过程和特征,相对于传统的经验/半经验方法,辐射传输模型物理意义明确,具有稳定性和可移植性强的特点.在分析国内外最新相关研究的基础上,首先从植被叶片、冠层和像元3个不同的尺度阐述反演植被理化参数的辐射传输模型.叶片尺度上主要介绍PROSPECT模型和LIBERTY模型;冠层尺度上主要介绍SAIL冠层辐射传输模型以及PROSPECT与SAIL耦合的PROSAIL叶片-冠层辐射传输模型;像元尺度的植被理化参数反演目前主要采用冠层尺度的辐射传输模型.其次,分析尺度变化下植被理化参数遥感反演所面临的主要问题,如不同尺度下模型参数敏感性的变化、辐射传输模型的选取以及混合像元的影响等.最后,总结展望植被理化参数反演多模型与多种数据源相互结合的研究趋势,以及将来具有高空间分辨率的高光谱遥感卫星升空后所带来的发展前景.