黄花棘豆的喹诺里西定生物碱

豆科棘豆属有毒植物含多种有毒生物碱,有关棘豆属中生物碱成分的研究,早在1929年Couch由兰伯氏棘豆(Oxytropis lambertii DC.)中分离到一种多羟基化的含氮有机化合物,这是最早报道由棘豆属植物中分离出的生物碱成分,由于当时条件限制未能确定其结构。1982年美国农业部西部研究中心的植物化学家Molyneux从绢毛棘豆(Oxytropis sericea)中分离到苦马豆碱(swainsonine)等吲哚里西定生物碱(indolizidinealkaloids);1989年沈阳药学院于荣敏等由小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)中分离出多种喹诺里西定生物碱。喹诺里西定生物碱具有多种生理活性,对试验动物中枢神经系统产生抑制,呼吸抑制或兴奋,致幻、流产和致畸等作用。本文报道由黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge)中测得4种喹诺里西定生物碱。     

棘豆属刺垫棘豆亚属(豆科)的订正

1971年,N.Ulzijkhutag根据采自阿拉善戈壁(=Bordzon-Go-bi)的标本(1970-07-29,V.I.Grubov,N.Ulzijkhutag et G.Tserendalzhid,无号)发表新种Oxytrops grubovii,并以此建立新组Oxytropis subgen.Traganthoxytropis sect.Monan-thos;1987年,G.P.Yakovlev将O.grubovii归入海绵豆属Spongiocarpella;1988年,张振万同意N.Ulzijkhutag的意见,并根据刺垫棘豆之龙骨瓣无喙等特征将Ulzijkhutag的刺     

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) reveals no genetic divergence of the Eastern Alpine endemic Oxytropis campestris subsp. tiroliensis (Fabaceae) from widespread subsp. campestris

Applying Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, we explored genetic differences between widespread Oxytropis campestris subsp. campestris and O. campestris subsp. tiroliensis, a presumed glacial relict restricted to a small area along the main chain of the Eastern Alps. We could not find genetic differences between the two taxa. Neither do the morphological characters given in the literature discriminate between them. Therefore Oxytropis campestris subsp. tiroliensis is unlikely a glacial relict that survived Pleistocene glaciations on nunataks, but rather a genetically insignificantly differentiated phenotype that arose in the course of postglacial recolonisation. There is no phylogeographical structure in O. campestris s.l. in the Alps most probably due to the fact that the taxon did not survive the cold stages of the Pleistocene in the interior of the Alps but immigrated to that region at a later date.     

Population genetics and phylogeography of endangered Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea and relatives: arctic-alpine disjuncts in eastern North America

Fassett's locoweed (Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea, Fabaceae) is an endangered perennial endemic to Wisconsin. Patterns of genetic variation within and among six remaining populations and their relationship to other members of the O. campestris complex were analysed using AFLPs from 140 accessions across northern North America. Within-population measures of genetic diversity were high (mean expected heterozygosity HE = 0.16; mean nucleotide diversity pi = 0.015) compared with other herbaceous plants. Estimates of among-population differentiation were low (FST = 0.12; PhiST = 0.29), consistent with outcrossing. Genetic and geographical distances between populations were significantly correlated within Fassett's locoweed (r2 = 0.73, P < 0.002 for Mantel test) and O. campestris as a whole (r2 = 0.63, P < 0.0001). Individual and population-based phylogenetic analyses showed that Fassett's locoweed is monophyletic and sister to O. campestris var. johannensis. Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between Fassett's locoweed and populations of var. johannensis. The first chromosome count for Fassett's locoweed indicates that it is tetraploid (2n = 32), unlike hexaploid var. johannensis. High within-population diversity and relatively low among-population differentiation are consistent with populations of Fassett's locoweed being relicts of a more continuous Pleistocene distribution. Our data support the continued recognition of Fassett's locoweed and protection under federal and state regulations. High levels of genetic diversity within populations suggest that maintain-ing the ecological conditions that favour the life cycle of this plant may be a more pressing concern than the erosion of genetic variation.     

Carbohydrate storage and use in an alpine population of the perennial herb, Oxytropis sericea

I tested hypotheses for ecological roles of storage carbohydrates in perennating organs (roots and branches) of alpine Oxytropis sericea, a leguminous herb. In naturally growing plants, total nonstructural carbohydrates achieved their maximal concentration in the fall, declined during winter, and reached minimal levels immediately after growth initiation in the spring. Experimental manipulation of carbon sink-source relations through shading of leaves of reproductive plants revealed that the normally unused portion of these carbohydrates is largely available for withdrawal. In another experiment, plants subjected to carbohydrate depletion through shading suffered decreased leaf growth after winter dormancy and had a lower probability of flowering and decreased inflorescence biomass. The dependence of reproductive growth on stored carbohydrates, however, was limited to its initial stages, because accumulation of storage carbohydrates occurred simultaneously with inflorescence expansion, flowering, and fruiting. Moreover, the whole-plant photosynthetic rate, estimated from gas exchange measurements also peaked at the time of inflorescence growth. To address whether stored reserves allow compensatory regrowth following defoliation, plants were subjected to experimental removal of leaves and inflorescences. Defoliated O. sericea partly regrew the lost leaves but withdrawal of stored carbohydrates was limited. Similarly, in a second defoliation experiment where infructescences were left intact, the plants used little stored carbohydrate and only partly compensated for fruit growth. However, carbohydrate accumulation was negatively affected by defoliation. While the ecological importance of stored nonstructural carbohydrates cannot be attributed to any function in isolation, winter respiration, leaf regrowth after winter, and early reproductive growth in O. sericea all depend to a significant extent on stored reserves. Maintaining a large storage pool may protect these functions in years when carbon status is less favorable than during this study. Received: 13 May 1998 / Accepted: 24 November 1998     

镰形棘豆的一个新变型——白花镰形棘豆

描述了豆科棘豆属镰形棘豆(Oxytropis falcata Bunge)的一个新变型:白花镰形棘豆(Oxytropis falcataBunge form.atbiflora Y.H.Wu).原变型的花冠为蓝紫色或紫红色,而新变型花冠为白色.     

Analysis of several serum enzymes and blood urea nitrogen of swainsonine–HSA immunized goats

Locoweeds cause significant livestock poisoning and economic loss all over the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immune effect of locoweed toxin, swainsonine (SW), and human serum albumin (HSA) immunoconjugate (SW–HSA) on goats. Twenty four Sannon goats were randomly separated into immune control group, immune poisoning group I, immune poisoning group II and poisoning control group. Immune control group, immune poisoning group I and II were first vaccinated with SW–HSA immunoconjugate. Then, the poisoning control group, immune poisoning group I and II were fed with 10.0 g/kg BW/d dry powder of Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge in every morning and the duration of poisoning was 80 days. The immune control group was supplied with an alfalfa-based diet. Blood samples of these experimental animals were collected every 7 days after poisoning, and the serum enzymes α-mannosidase (AMA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were analyzed. Comparing with the poisoning control group, the changes of serum LDH, AKP, AST, AMA and BUN level of the two immune groups (I and II) were delayed 28, 14, 28, 21, 14 days, respectively, which indicated that SW–HSA immunoconjugate could prevent tissues containing BUN and these serum enzymes of the experimental animals from Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge injuring during these days. In the whole study, SW–HSA immunoconjugate and swainsonine did not influence serum ALT levels of the experimental goats.     

Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of Six Oxytropis Species (Fabaceae) from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau,China

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 13 populations of six Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, China, were presented. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes in O.ochrocephala, O.tatarica, O.kansuensis and O.humifusa (2n=16) were reported for the first time. B chromosomes were found from O.stracheyana (2n=48). The basic chromosome number of x=8 is confirmed for the genus. The available chromosomal data indicate that polyploidy may have played an important role in the evolution of the genus, with the incidence of polyploidy in the genus reaching 58%. However, our results indicated that among the populations here examined only one was a hexaploid with 2n=48. Such a chromosomal pattern indicates that the karyotypic repatterning at the diploid level seems to be the predominant feature of chromosomal evolution in the Oxytropis species from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, and that sympatric speciation via hybridization and polyploidization has played a minor role in the species diversification of the genus from this area.     

新疆棘豆属一新种

假长毛棘豆　新种　图 1ＯｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｈｉｒｓｕｔａＱ .ＷａｎｇｅｔＣ .Ｙ .Ｙａｎｇ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｎｏｖａａｆｆｉｎｉｓＯ .ａｓｓｉｅｎｓｉＶａｓｓ.,ｓｅｄｃｏｒｏｌｌａａｕｒｅａ,ｖｅｘｉｌｌｏ 1 7～ 2 0ｍｍｌｏｎｇｏ ,ｒｏｓｔｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｅ 2～ 2 .5ｍｍｌｏｎｇｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｔ.Ｐｅｒｅｎｎｉｓ,5～ 1 2ｃｍａｌｔａ ,ｂａｓｉｓｔｉｐｕｌｉｓｅｔｐｅｔｉｏｌｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｉｂｕｓｄｅｎｓｅｖｅｓｔｉｔａ,ｓｕｂａｃａｕｌｉｓ.Ｆｏ ｌｉａ 3～ 8ｃｍ…