Reversion of the apical hook of pea in the dark and its promotion by a red light pulse.

At the developmental stage at which the apical hook passed the 3rd and 4th nodes, dark-grown seedlings of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Progress No.9) opened the hook upright and then formed a new hook above the node nearly in the opposite direction to the previous one. In cv. Alaska, in contrast, many (about 84%) seedlings closed the hook in the original direction after they partially (up to about 110°) opened it at the 3rd node, thus doing a wagging movement, while a small percentage (about 16%) of the seedlings reversed the hook direction. Exposure to red light of cv. Alaska seedlings for 10 min increased the percentage of the hook reversion up to 71% or more. The hook reversion was never observed except when the hook part passed the nodes, suggesting the involvement of the nodes in the phenomenon.     

糜子黄、黑种皮遗传及转录组学分析

同源异型域-亮氨酸拉链(homedomain-leucine zipper,HD-Zip)转录因子广泛参与植物的生长发育和抗胁迫过程。该研究通过生物信息学方法对青稞HD-Zip基因家族进行全基因组分析鉴定,并采用qRT-PCR技术分析非生物胁迫下该基因的表达特性,为深入探讨青稞HD-Zip转录因子的生物学功能及其在高原作物抗逆育种中的应用奠定基础。结果表明：(1)成功从青稞基因组中共鉴定出41个HD-Zip基因家族成员,依次命名为i>HvvHD-ZipⅠ-1~Ⅳ-13,且这些基因在7条染色体上呈不均匀分布。(2)理化性质分析发现,HvvHD-Zip蛋白包含197～885个不等的氨基酸残基;分子量范围在19 914.36～94 014.87 Da;亚细胞定位表明HvvHD-Zip蛋白都位于细胞核。(3)根据多序列比对、系统进化、基因结构和保守基序差异将其聚为4个亚家族,各亚家族分类特征与系统聚类结果一致。(4)顺式作用元件预测分析发现,i>HvvHD-Zip基因启动子中含有11种植物激素和胁迫响应元件。(5)qRT-PCR结果显示,HvvHD-Zip Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ亚家族基因对各胁迫响应明显;与根组织相比,多数i>HvvHD-Zip基因在叶组织中响应明显(上调或下调);与冷和盐胁迫相比,i>HvvHD-Zip各基因对旱胁迫响应较强。     

杉木人工林单叶至冠层光合作用的扩展与模拟研究

根据野外条件下杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）针叶光合作用的测定结果。考虑到光合作用对光的非线性响应特性,及其与叶所处的实际冠层环境变量和冠层的空气动力学特性的相关,以筒化的林冠辐射传输模型为基础,结合不同部位和年龄针叶的光响应曲线,实现了叶室测量结果向冠层环境的调整,并进行了冠层光合作用模拟的初步研究。经过调整后的冠层光合作用平均比未经过调整的值高１     

不同浓度外源IAA处理对杉木茎部基因表达的影响

为了揭示吲哚-3-乙酸(Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)参与杉木木材发育调控的遗传机制,文章分别以0、3mg.IAA/g.lanolin处理不同阶段的杉木截顶茎秆作为驱动方(Driver)和测试方(Tester),利用抑制消减杂交技术(Suppression substractive hybridization,SSH),对其中差异表达的目的基因进行了分离和克隆。共获得332个Unigenes,其潜在的功能分别涉及到细胞组织和生物合成、发育进程调控、电子传递、逆境应答以及信号传导等方面;进一步地表达鉴定发现ClHIRA、ClPGY1和ClARF4等集中于茎部近轴区域表达的基因,能够积极地响应外源IAA刺激的维管形成层分裂和管胞分化活动;而ClSMP1、ClTCTP1和ClTRN2等集中于茎部远轴区域表达的基因,则在转录水平上对外源IAA的处理水平及近轴次生维管的发育变化表现出负相关的关系。这一结果表明特异性定位的发育基因对木材形成组织中内源IAA水平变化的差异性识别和响应很可能是生长素参与林木维管形成层次生发育调节的重要分子机制。     

海南粗榧（Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f.）化学元素含量及变异研究

 利用变异系数和差异显著性检验,对海南坝王岭等五个海南粗榧群体植株及其不同器官的C、H、N、K等15种化学元素分布及变异进行研究。结果表明：1)海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus mannii Hook．f．)中的化学元素含量分布总体呈Ca>K型,但枝、茎、根、种子等不同器官却表现为K>Ca型;2)海南粗榧群体内各化学元素含量的变异系数较大,但群体内和群体间基本无显著差异;3)海南粗榧不同群体同一器官间元素含量相对稳定,变异系数不太大,群体不同器官间则呈现显著甚至极显著的差异,但不同器官的总体平均值却无显著差异。     

Three new hybrids of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae) from Monte Pisano,Tuscany (Central Italy)

Based on general morphology, spore measurements and ornamentation (scanning electron microscope), genome size estimation, and molecular systematics (trnL-trnF IGS), we show the extreme systematic complexity within the European representatives of the genus Ophioglossum. In particular, three hybrids from Tuscany are described: the tetraploid O. × pierinii Peruzzi, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane, seen as the hybrid between diploid O. lusitanicum L. and hexaploid O. azoricum C.Presl; the tetraploid O. × giovanninii Peruzzi, Pierini, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane, seen as the homoploid hybrid between tetraploid O. vulgatum L. and tetraploid O. × pierinii Peruzzi, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane; the pentaploid O. × pseudoazoricum Peruzzi, Pierini, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane, seen as the hybrid between hexaploid O. azoricum C.Presl and tetraploid O. vulgatum L. All the three new taxa grow in different localities in the Monte Pisano mountain range.     

Effects of copper enrichment on survival,growth and photosynthetic pigment of seedlings and young plants of the eelgrass Zostera marina

Copper (Cu²⁺) is an essential nutrient for plants but toxic at high concentrations. We subjected seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina to different seawater Cu concentrations (3, 4, 5, 10, 30 and 50?µg?l^?1) for over 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Natural seawater without added Cu (3?µg?l^?1) was used as reference seawater. We measured plant response in terms of survivorship, morphology, growth, productivity and leaf pigment concentration. Survival analysis combined with morphological, dynamic and productive assessment suggested that the optimum seawater Cu concentration for the establishment of Z. marina seedlings and young plants is 4?μg?l^?1. The photosynthetic response of young plants to copper enrichment, including an increase in chlorophyll content under low Cu concentration treatment but significant decrease when treated with high concentrations of Cu, is similar to those reported for other seagrass species. NOEC (no observed effect concentration), LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) and LC₅₀ (lethal concentration that caused an increase in mortality to 50% of that of the control) values of seedlings were significantly lower than those of young plants, implying a reduced Cu tolerance to high concentrations (>10?μg?l^?1). This study provides data that could prove helpful in the development of successful eelgrass restoration and conservation.     

抗褐变剂对雷公藤愈伤组织生长和次生代谢产物含量的影响

以雷公藤（Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.）根愈伤组织为材料,以NT为基本培养基,添加不同浓度硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、硝酸银、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及活性炭,探讨抗褐变剂对雷公藤愈伤组织生长、抗褐化和雷公藤内酯醇及总生物碱含量的影响。结果表明：除较低浓度柠檬酸以外,其他抗褐变剂均不同程度抑制雷公藤愈伤组织的生长。培养基中添加不同浓度硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及活性炭,雷公藤愈伤组织褐化程度不但没有得到控制,反而使褐化加重。但所有处理中,愈伤组织中内酯醇含量明显升高,其中加入50mg/L柠檬酸处理的内酯醇含量为对照的2.4倍。培养基中加入10～50mg/L硝酸银不仅能抑制雷公藤愈伤组织褐变,内酯醇的含量也随着硝酸银浓度的增加而增加。供试抗褐变剂中除较低浓度硫代硫酸钠以外,其他处理对雷公藤总生物碱的合成起抑制作用。