Cloning and Characterization of <i>EuGID1</i> in <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Oliver

Gibberellic acid controlled the key developmental processes of the life cycle of landing plants, and regulated the growth and development of plants. In this study, a novel gibberellin receptor gene EuGID1 was obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The cDNA of EuGID1 was 1556 bp, and the open reading frame was 1029 bp, which encoded 343 amino acids. EuGID1 had the homology sequence with the hormone-sensitive lipase family. Amino acid sequence alignment confirmed EuGID1 protein had the highest homology with the GID1 protein of Manihot esculenta. EuGID1 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane and had expression in four plant organs. Overexpression of EuGID1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants promoted plant elongation and increased siliques yield.     

杜仲叶片不同发育时期数字基因表达谱分析

为在转录水平解析杜仲叶片发育过程中的基因表达模式,该研究通过数字基因表达谱技术对‘华仲6号’杜仲叶片从展叶(4月)到落叶(10月)不同发育时期的基因表达水平进行比较分析,共获得差异基因3 002个,其中1 764个表达量上调,1 238个下调,这些差异表达基因主要行使催化、氧化还原等功能,参与代谢过程和生物过程等;进一步Pathway富集分析发现,苯丙素类生物合成途径相关基因被富集,其中调控绿原酸合成的6个基因差异表达显著;对这些基因表达模式进行分析显示,4月中旬和9月中旬基因的表达量较高,暗示这两个时期对于绿原酸的合成具有重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR检测6个绿原酸合成相关基因和12个随机选择的差异表达基因,验证结果显示表达谱测序结果可靠。该研究结果为揭示杜仲叶片在不同发育时期的分子调控机制奠定了基础,并为深入解析杜仲绿原酸合成机理,进而通过分子育种手段提高杜仲绿原酸含量提供新的路径。     

Inhibitory effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver on adipogenic differentiation through proteome analysis

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver was tested to control the differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cell into adipocyte. The extent of the inhibitory effect on the conversion of adipose was measured using Oil red O staining, which stains accumulated lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of adipocyte. The adipocyte differentiation was inhibited by an extract from E. ulmoides Oliver in the concentration range 0.01–50.0 g/l. After 2D PAGE, protein spots of E. ulmoides Oliver extract treated stem cells were analyzed. Several protein spots were strongly up-regulated in E. ulmoides Oliver extract treated cells. Among them, tropomyosin was identified by MALDI-TOF. These results suggest that E. ulmoides Oliver has an inhibitory activity toward the adipose conversion, which is a major cause of obesity.     

Proteome Profiling of Primary Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Undergoing Additive Chemoradiation Link ALDH1A1 to Early Local Recurrence and Chemoradiation Resistance

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis with frequent post-surgical local recurrence. The combination of adjuvant chemotherapy with radiotherapy is under consideration to achieve a prolonged progression-free survival (PFS). To date, few studies have determined the proteome profiles associated with response to adjuvant chemoradiation. We herein analyzed the proteomes of primary PDAC tumors subjected to additive chemoradiation after surgical resection and achieving short PFS (median 6 months) versus prolonged PFS (median 28 months). Proteomic analysis revealed the overexpression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1) and Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) in the short PFS cohort, which were corroborated by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, specific inhibition of ALDH1A1 by A37 in combination with gemcitabine, radiation, and chemoradiation lowered cell viability and augmented cell death in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc 05.04 cells. ALDH1A1 silencing in both cell lines dampened cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and colony formation. In MiaPaCa-2 cells, ALDH1A1 silencing sensitized cells towards treatment with gemcitabine, radiation or chemoradiation. In Panc 05.04, increased cell death was observed upon gemcitabine treatment only. These findings are in line with previous studies that have suggested a role of ALDH1A1 chemoradiation resistance, e.g., in esophageal cancer. In summary, we present one of the first proteome studies to investigate the responsiveness of PDAC to chemoradiation and provide further evidence for a role of ALDH1A1 in therapy resistance.     

Chemical Constituents from Staminate Flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and Their Anti-Inflammation Activity in Vitro

Three new monoterpenoids, named eucomylides A−C ( 1 – 3 ), along with six known compounds ( 4 – 9 ) were isolated from the staminate flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were established by time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculation. All the compounds along with previously isolated components ( 10 – 14 ) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects. Two iridoid glycosides ( 11 and 12 ) and a flavonoid glycoside ( 14 ) showed potent suppressive effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 17.11 to 22.26 μM.     

Captive animal liability: 19th century foundations and 20th century modifications

Two important legal milestones concerning liability for keeping animals in captivity occurred in the years 1879–1881. These were the publication of The Common Law by Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the United States Supreme Court's decision in The Congress and Empire Spring Company v. Ann P. Edgar. Holmes declared that the liability one incurs for maintaining potentially dangerous animals is absolute. The Court's decision noted that wild animals not normally considered ferocious, such as deer, can be considered “domestic” under the law if they are tame, with a corresponding reduction in liability. A brief examination is presented of how the doctrine of captive animal liability was modified in the 20th century to reflect the difference between wild animals kept by a private individual and those maintained by a reputable zoological park. Zoo Biol 22:489–496, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Five new microsatellite loci for Oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) from an expressed sequence tag (EST) library and cross‐species amplification

Five microsatellite loci have been isolated and characterized from a cDNA library of Oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. All loci were found to be polymorphic and had between four and 10 alleles. Observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.70 to 0.90 and from 0.52 to 0.80, respectively. Five additional fish species assessed for cross‐species amplification revealed between zero and three positive amplifications and between zero and two polymorphic loci per species.     

浙江省热带气旋灾损和等级评估

利用2004-2008年浙江省各县的热带气旋灾情资料和同期社会经济数据,通过订正的转化函数建立区域对比度较好的相对受灾人口、相对受灾面积、倒塌房屋和相对直接经济损失指标值,用多项式拟合的客观分析方法建立各指标相对损失值与致灾因子(过程雨量、暴雨日数、大暴雨日数、日最大雨量、极大风速、最大风速、极大风速≥8 m·s-1的天数、最大风速≥18 m·s-1的天数等)的灾情评估模型;运用灰度聚类分析和专家定权相结合的方法,对热带气旋灾害指标进行灾情精细化定级.在此基础上,对2009年影响浙江省的"莫拉克"热带气旋进行灾情损失评估和等级划分.结果表明:根据各单指标灾情模型计算的受灾面积指数、受灾人口指数、房屋倒塌指数和直接经济损失指数与实际值的相关系数分别达到0.70、0.63、0.75和0.54,基本能反映因致灾因子造成各方面的灾损等级分布."莫拉克"综合灾情评估结果较准确反映了热带气旋影响期间不同县域的空间分布特点;但受其他因素(孕灾环境、易损性、抗灾能力等)的影响,拟合灾情值存在轻灾高估、重灾低估的现象.     

具有ACC脱氨酶活性的杜仲内生细菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性

采用富集筛选法从杜仲根中分离到5株具有ACC脱氨酶活性的内生细菌, 利用纸片法测定它们的抑菌活性, 通过形态特征、生理生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定。结果显示, 5株杜仲内生细菌均具有较高的ACC脱氨酶活性, 其中4株菌对大肠杆菌CGMCC1.1103和枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC1.769均有较好的抑菌活性, 通过生理生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析, 将菌株JDM-2、JDM-8、JDM-11、JDM-14和JDM-19分别鉴定为Pseudomonas koreensis、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、路德维希肠杆菌(Enterobacter ludwigii)、变栖克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella variicola)和阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae)。     

胡杨不定根原基发生的分生细胞结构特征及内源激素变化分析

以胡杨实生苗去根插穗为试材,采用显微技术、气质(GC/MS)联用技术和同工酶分析技术观察和研究了外源3-吲哚丁酸(IBA)对其不定根原基(干细胞)形成的影响.结果表明:(1)胡杨插穗培养在无IBA的培养基上,36 h时有大核细胞发生,60 h时大核细胞聚集成团形成根原基,72 h时生成不定根;而添加了IBA的培养基上插穗培养60 h时大核细胞分散,出现许多薄壁细胞,72 h时薄壁细胞变大,没有根原基的形成和根的发生,表现出细胞组织愈伤化,不再分化出干细胞.添加外源IBA抑制了胡杨插穗不定根形成.(2)组织化学观察显示,在无IBA的培养基上的插穗,60 h时具双环状核仁的干细胞细胞质浓,富含蛋白质;而此时添加了IBA的插穗,具双环状核仁的细胞细胞质很少,蛋白质含量也少.(3)整个胡杨不定根形成的过程中,内源激素IAA和ABA可能作为诱导根原基发生的重要信号分子;内源激素IAA和GA3处于一个较稳定状态,有利于不定根的形成.(4)过氧化物酶(POD)2b酶带的持续表达有利于根原基的诱导;淀粉酶在60 h时表达增强,是根原基发育的标志;根原基诱导时不需要酯酶,而根原基发育时需要酯酶.