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1.
N. J. Belshaw S. Hakola H. Nevalainen M. Penttil? P. Suominen D. B. Archer 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1997,256(1):18-27
Three DNA fragments, trs1, 2 and 3, were isolated from the Trichoderma reesei genome on the basis of their ability to promote autonomous replication of plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Each trs element bound specifically to the isolated T. reesei nuclear matrix in vitro, and two of them bound in vivo, indicating that they are matrix attachment regions (MARs). A similar
sequence previously isolated from Aspergillus nidulans (ans1) was also shown to bind specifically to the T. reesei nuclear matrix in vitro. The T. reesei MARs are AT-rich sequences containing 70%, 86% and 73% A+T over 2.9, 0.8 and 3.7 kb, respectively for trs1, 2 and 3. They exhibited no significant sequence homology, but were shown to contain a number of sequence motifs that occur frequently
in many MARs identified in other eukaryotes. However, these motifs occurred as frequently in the trs elements as in randomly generated sequences with the same A+T content. trs1 and 3 were shown to be present as single copies in the T. reesei genome. The presence of the trs elements in transforming plasmids enhanced the frequency of integrative transformation of T. reesei up to five fold over plasmids without a trs. No evidence was obtained to suggest that the trs elements promoted efficient replication of plasmids in T. reseei. A mechanism for the enhancement of transformation frequency by the trs elements is proposed.
Received: 1 March 1997 / Accepted: 13 May 1997 相似文献
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《Journal of molecular biology》2021,433(4):166812
Spindly is a dynein adaptor involved in chromosomal segregation during cell division. While Spindly's N-terminal domain binds to the microtubule motor dynein and its activator dynactin, the C-terminal domain (Spindly-C) binds its cargo, the ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH (RZZ) complex in the outermost layer of the kinetochore. In humans, Spindly-C binds to ROD, while in C. elegans Spindly-C binds to both Zwilch (ZWL-1) and ROD-1. Here, we employed various biophysical techniques to characterize the structure, dynamics and interaction sites of C. elegans Spindly-C. We found that despite the overall disorder, there are two regions with variable α-helical propensity. One of these regions is located in the C-terminal half and is compact; the second is sparsely populated in the N-terminal half. The interactions with both ROD-1 and ZWL-1 are mostly mediated by the same two sequentially remote disordered segments of Spindly-C, which are C-terminally adjacent to the helical regions. The findings suggest that the Spindly-C binding sites on ROD-1 in the ROD-1/ZWL-1 complex context are either shielded or conformationally weakened by the presence of ZWL-1 such that only ZWL-1 directly interacts with Spindly-C in C. elegans 相似文献
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Francesca Passaretta Domenico Bosco Lucia Centurione Maria Antonietta Centurione Fabio Marongiu Roberta Di Pietro 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(7):4350-4355
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells (hAEC) isolated from term placenta are a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, it has long been debated whether the hAEC population consists of heterogeneous or homogeneous cells. In a previous study, we investigated the characteristics of hAEC isolated from four different regions of the amniotic membrane finding significant heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic differentiation capability of hAEC isolated from these four regions. Human term placentae were collected after caesarean section and hAEC were isolated from four regions of the amniotic membrane (R1-R4, according to their relative distance from the umbilical cord) and treated in hepatic differentiation conditions for 14 days. hAEC-derived hepatocyte-like cells showed marked differences in the expression of hepatic markers: R4 showed higher levels of Albumin and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor (HNF) 4α whereas R1 expressed higher Cytochrome P450 enzymes, both at the gene and protein level. These preliminary results suggest that hAEC isolated from R1 and R4 of the amniotic membrane are more prone to hepatic differentiation. Therefore, the use of hAEC from a specific region of the amniotic membrane should be taken into consideration as it could have an impact on the outcome of therapeutic applications. 相似文献
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A new method for the analysis of NMR data in terms of the solution structure of proteins has been developed. The method consists of two steps: first a systematic search of the conformational space to define the region allowed by the initial set of experimental constraints, and second, the narrowing of this region by the introduction of additional constraints and optional refinement procedures. The search of the conformational space is guided by heuristics to make it computationally feasible. The method is therefore called the heuristic refinement method and is coded in an expert system called PROTEAN. The paper describes the validation of the first step of the method using an artificial NMR data set generated from the known crystal structure of sperm whale carbon monoxymyoglobin. It is shown that the initial search procedure yields a low-resolution structure of the myoglobin molecule, accurately reproducing its main topological features, and that the precision of the structure depends on the quality of the initial data set. 相似文献
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Summary Pollen mother cells at early meiotic prophase fromFritillaria lanceolata, F. mutica, Tulbaghia violacea, the lily “Formobel”,Triticum aegilopoides, T. dicoccoides, T. aestivum and synaptic and asynaptic forms ofT. durum were studied in thin sections with the electron microscope (a) in relation to distribution of nuclear pores (b) in respect
of fine structure of the pore complex in those of the first four. The pores were distributed in random clusters during leptotene
to pachytene in all plants, except in the two forms ofT. durum where there were either no pores or so few that they were not detectable. Probably correlated with this, the two membranes
of the nuclear envelope were often widely separated and frequently sacculated. No pores were seen at leptotene in the part
of the envelope to which, in theFritillarias and lily, the nucleolus was adpressed at this time. Evidence supporting a recent model which proposes that annuli are composed
of three rings of eight granular subunits was obtained. These subunits as well as a dense central element, observed in most
pores, were composed of filaments about 3 nm in diameter and evidently protein in character. There was evidence of a continuity
between filaments in the central element and those in the rings of subunits which encircle the pore aperture at both the nuclear
and cytoplasmic sides of the pore. In profiles of pores knobbed filaments were sometimes seen extending laterally from the
pore wall into the perinuclear space at two sides. Questions concerning the role of the annulus are discussed.
The author wish to thank Mr. R. F. Scott for construction to the model. 相似文献
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PurposeThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tungsten carbide as new lead-free radiation shielding material in nuclear medicine by evaluating the attenuation properties.Materials and methodsThe elemental composition of tungsten carbide was analysed using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The purity of tungsten carbide was 99.9%, APS: 40–50 µm. Three discs of tungsten carbide was fabricated with thickness of 0.1 cm, 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm. Three lead discs with similar thickness were used to compare the attenuation properties with tungsten carbide discs. Energy calibration of gamma spectroscopy was performed by using 123I, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 137Cs. Gamma radiation from these sources were irradiated on both materials at energies ranging from 0.160 MeV to 0.779 MeV. The experimental attenuation coefficients of lead and tungsten carbide were compared with theoretical attenuation coefficients of both materials from NIST database. The half value layer and mean free path of both materials were also evaluated in this study.ResultsThis study found that the peaks obtained from gamma spectroscopy have linear relationship with all energies used in this study. The relative differences between the measured and theoretical mass attenuation coefficients are within 0.19–5.11% for both materials. Tungsten carbide has low half value layer and mean free path compared to lead for all thickness at different energies.ConclusionThis study shows that tungsten carbide has high potential to replace lead as new lead-free radiation shielding material in nuclear medicine. 相似文献
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