滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究

本文详细报道了滇蜀豹子花的核型,发现居群中存在两种细胞型,即A型和B型。A型参考核型为2n = 24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(4SAT)+12t(2SAT),其第3号两条同源染色体长臂均无居间随体：B型参考核型为2n=24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT)+12t(3SAT)+0—1b,其第3号一条同源染色体长臂紧靠着丝点处有一大而明显的居间随体,而另一条同源染色体则无,构成明显的3号染色体的结构杂合性。统计表明,居群中二者的比例近似为1A;2B。研究还发现了大量的体细胞染色体结构变异核型,表明滇蜀豹子花核型尚未趋于稳定,还处于强烈分化之中,高频率的体细胞染色体结构变异是其种内分化不可忽视的一种进化要素。     

A Cytological Study of Fifteen Species in Six Genera of Liliaceae from Yunnan

Fifteen species in six genera of the family Liliaceae were karyomorphologically studied. They share the complex chromocenter type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells except that Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey is of the densely diffuse type and gradient type respectively. Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey, 2n= 14=8m+4sm+2st (2SAT), belongs to 2A type; Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t (2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n = 36= 14m (2SAT) + 12sm+ 10st(2SAT), 2B type; Smilacinata tsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n= 36=22m +2sm+ 2st(2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina atropurpurea ( Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT) +12st, 2C type: Polygonatum kingianum Coll, et Hesml., 2n=30= 12m(2SAT) +6sm+ lst+2t, 2C type; Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royal, 2n=30= 10m+4sm+ 12st+4t, 3C type; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m (2SAT)+ 14sm (6SAT)+40st, 3C type; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker, 2n = 32 = 12m + 6sm + 10st+ 2t + 2Bs, 2C type; Lilium henricii Franch., 2n = 24 = 2m(2SAT) + 2sm + 10st+ 10t, 3A type; Lilium bakerianum Coll. et Hesml. var. rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m ( 2SAT) +10st+ 10t (2SAT), 3A type; Nomocharis bilouensis Liang, 2n= 24= 2m (2SAT) +2sm+ 12st+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis pardanthina Franch., 2n= 24=4m (2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis sauluensis Balf. f., 2n=24=4m(2SAT) +10st (2SAT) + 10t, 3B type; Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn 2n = 24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm + 14st(2SAT ) + 6t, 3A type.     

A revision of the genus Nomocharis Franchet

SEALY, J. R, 1983. A revision of the genus Nomocharis Franchet. A taxonomic revision of the genus Nomocharis Franchet is presented, recognizing seven species. Notes are given on the species and hybrids in cultivation. A key for identification of the species and an index to specific epithets, including synonyms, are given, together with species excluded from the genus. Herbarium specimens are cited.     

基于ITS序列分析豹子花属与5种百合的亲缘关系

以滇蜀豹子花和多斑豹子花为材料,采用PCR直接测序法测定其ITS序列,结合GenBank中其它3种豹子花和5种百合的ITS序列,构建了这10种植物的系统发育树.结果表明:(1)10种植物的ITS序列长度在625bp～627 bp之间,总G C含量在60.38%～61.12%之间,5.8S的G C含量除大理百合为45.4%外,其余9种植物为55.01%或54.60%,说明ITS序列在进化上保守性较强,同属不同种甚至不同属间的长度差异不明显;(2)NJ、MP、ME聚类树的分支趋势一致,都是豹子花属植物先聚在一起再和5种百合相聚,滇西豹子花和豹子花在3种聚类树中都以99%以上的支持率聚成一支,说明这2个种的亲缘关系最近;(3)在10种植物中,形态相似且分布海拔和区域重叠的种类先相聚,说明这些物种的亲缘关系密切.     

豹子花属及百合属13种25居群的核型研究

采用常规压片法对豹子花属6种11居群和百合属7种14居群进行了核型研究,并用不对称系数AI度量核型不对称性,以CVCL-CVCI散点图比较近缘类群之间的亲缘关系。结果表明： 1）除美丽豹子花 No-mocharis basilissa 为三倍体外,其余全为二倍体 2）核型在种间、居群间存在变异,特别是在随体染色体的数目和位置以及B染色体的有无上种间存在明显差别 3） CVCL-CVCI散点图显示豹子花属与百合属关系密切 4）染色体结构变异产生数量和类型不同的次缢痕,是豹子花属植物进化的主要方式。豹子花属在从其起源地和分化中心高黎贡山向四周扩散时,细胞核型方面伴随着出现了非整倍体、三倍体、 B染色体和次缢痕进化的类型.     

Cytological Studies of the Genus Nomocharis and Its Related Genera

The somatic cells of 12 taxa of the genera Nomocharis, Lilium, Fritillaria and Cardiocrinum from north-western Yunnan were karyomorphologically studied. The 12 taxa are similar to each other in chromosomal morphology at the resting nucleus stage, which belongs to the complex chromocenter type. They are also similar to each other in morphology of mitotic prophase chromosomes, which belongs to the interstitial type. Their chromosome numbers are all 2n = 24, and centromeric terminalization values range from 79.9- 82.2%. The above results show that the four genera have close relationships. These 12 taxa, however, exhibit some similarities and differences in the position of secondary constrictions seemingly showing the karyological characters of each genus in the area. Firstly, on m(sm)-chromosomes, secondary constrictions close to centromeres appear stable in one of pairs in both Nomocharis( 6 taxa) and Lilium (4 taxa); In Cardiocrinum giganteum, they were found distant from centromeres on short arms in one of pairs; None was observed in Fritillaria cirrhosa. Secondly, on st (t)- chromosomes, remarkable secondary constrictions were generally found on long arms in Nomocharis, C. giganteum, F. cirrhosa and the high mountain habitants of Lilium, such as L. souliei, while they were always observed on short arms in L. nepalense, L. taliense and L. brownii, which grow in the lower altitude region. So the Nomocharis and high mountain members of Lilium have similary distribution of secondary constrictions, and theyare considered to be most closely related.     

Pollen Morphology of the Genus Nomocharis and Its Delimitation with Lilium

In this work examined were pollen grains of 6 species of Nomocharis and 4 species of Lilium, all under LM and SEM, but Nomocharis saluenensis Balf. f. under TEM. The pollen grains are monocolpate (distal) in Nomocharis, monocolpate or 2-3-porate in the species of Lilium examined. Two types of pollen grains in Nomocharis are recognized based upon the exine stratification and sculpture. The pollen characters and gross morphology, and their evolutionary trends in both Nomocharis and Lilium are discussed. Our conclusions are as follows: 1. Lilium henrici Franch. 、L. souliei (Franch.) Sealy 、L. lophophorum (Bur. et Franch.) Franch. and L. nanum Klotz. et Garcke differ from Nomocharis in the aperture and sculpturing elements. Their pollen morphology supports their being placed in Lilium. 2. The pollen grains of both Lilium lophophorum (Bur. et Franch.) Franch. and L. nanum aggregate are monocolpate or 2-3-porate, which shows an evolutionary trend of aperture from monocolpate to porate, as suggested by Walker and others [Walker et al., (1975), and Chanda (1979)]. 3. In Balfour’s (1918) classification system of Nomocharis, N. pardanthina Franch. and N. meleagrina Franch. belong to Sect. Nomocharis, while N. forrestii and N. biluoensis are placed in Sect. Ecristata, but their pollen grains are all reticulate. They refer to type I (see Table 2). Thus, it does not seem reasonable placing in a single section, Sect. Ecristata, N. forrestii and N. biluoensis with the reticulate exine and N. saluenensis and N. aperta with the two-row-ritipilate exine. 4. Nomocharis saluenensis Balf. f. differs from Lilium in the exine sculpture, which seems to support placing it in Nomocharis. 5. Muri of N. forrestii Balf f. and N. biluoensis s.y. Liang show a tendency of connecting each other by heads of pili, and these two species are intergraded with the other species of the type I with respect to gross morphorlogical characters. It is thus considered that the reticulate pollen grains in Nomocharis is derived from ritipilate ones. This opinion is also held by Nair (1965). 6. Nomocharis differs from Lilium in the exine ornamentation, but some species of Nomocharis are very similar to Lilium in the gross morphology. It shows the close affinity between Nomocharis and Lilium.