Two cases of non-hybrid melanoma formation in Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchenberger, Kallmann & Morizot

Gross and histological evidence is presented to document two novel and distinct cases of non-hybrid melanomas in wild caught northern mountain swordtails Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl . During initiation one showed increases in melanin expression from a micromelanophore pattern associated with the sword (sword stripes), and the other showed melanin enhancement associated with the spotted-side macromelanophore pattern on the flanks of the fish. Both cases have spindle cell type melanomas located in the epidermis, dermis, adipose tissue and underlying muscle in several locations on each fish.     

神经皮肤黑变病中黑色素的来源初探

目的探讨食蟹猴神经皮肤黑变病（NCM）中黑色素的来源。方法收集北京协和医学院比较医学中心病理室食蟹猴神经皮肤黑变病的病理学标本一例,复习其病理切片并辅助免疫组化及电镜技术对黑色素的来源做进一步探讨。结果皮肤病理检查显示真皮内黑色素主要由黑色素细胞产生,黑色素细胞CD31免疫组化染色阴性。脑膜的组织病理学显示脑膜下黑色素主要由黑色素细胞产生,黑色素细胞CD31免疫组化染色阴性。脑实质的组织病理学显示其黑色素由黑色素细胞和血管内皮细胞产生,CD31免疫组化染色显示含有黑色素的血管内皮细胞呈阳性着色。电镜检查结果同样显示血管内皮细胞内可见黑色素小体沉积。结论我们在世界上首次揭示了食蟹猴NCM大脑中血管内皮细胞可产生黑色素,这给内皮细胞增加了一项新的功能。     

Effect of copper on stem melanosis and yield of wheat: Sources,rates and methods of application

Park wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Park) is susceptible to stem melanosis when grown on Cu-deficient soils. Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various Cu sources, using different methods and rates of application for reducing the incidence of stem melanosis and increasing the grain yield of Park wheat on a Cu-deficient Black Chernozemic soil in central Alberta. A fourth experiment determined the residual effect of Cu over 4 years. In the first experiment, Park wheat had less disease and higher grain yield when Cu-chelate solution at 2 and 4 kg Cu ha⁻¹ or Cu-sulfate solution at 10 and 20 kg Cu ha⁻¹ was applied to the soil surface and incorporated to a depth of 8 cm or was applied at these rates as a foliar spray. The foliar application, however, was phytotoxic and delayed maturity by approximately two weeks. Sidebanding Cu (4 cm to the side and 4 cm below the seed row) was least effective. In the second experiment, Cu-sulfate solution incorporated into the soil was more effective than the soil incorporated granular Cu-sulfate in reducing disease incidence and increasing grain yield in the year of application. In the following year the granular Cu was as effective as solution Cu. The third experiment showed that Cu seed dressings did not have any effect on disease incidence or grain yield of Park wheat. In the fourth experiment, the residual effect of Cu-chelate was evident four years after application. The grain yield in the fourth year was about four times that of the control. Contribution No. 564     

Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis,diagnosis to treatment

Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin-lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755-nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed-type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.