Carbonic Anhydrases in Chick Extra-embryonic Structures: A Role for CA in Bicarbonate Reabsorption Through the Chorioallantoic Membrane

The villus cavity cells, a specific cell type of the chick chorioallantoic membrane, express both cytosolic carbonic anhydrase in their cytoplasm and [Formula: See Text] anion exchangers at their basolateral membranes. By immunohistochemical analysis, we show here that villus cavity cells specifically react with antibodies directed against the membrane-associated form of carbonic anhydrase, CAIV. Staining is restricted to the apical cell membranes, characteristically invaginated toward the shell membrane, as well as to endothelia of blood vessels present in the mesodermal layer. The occurrence of a membrane-associated CA form at the apical pole of villus cavity cells, when definitively confirmed, would be fairly consistent with the role proposed for these cells in bicarbonate reabsorption from the eggshell so to prevent metabolic acidosis in the embryo during development.     

When an epithelium ceases to exist – an ultrastructural study on the fate of the embryonic coelom in Epiperipatus biolleyi (Onychophora, Peripatidae)

It is an accepted fact that fusion between the coelomic cavities and the primary body cavity occurs during development in the Arthropoda. However, such a fusion is much disputed in the Onychophora. In order to clarify this subject, the fate of embryonic coelomic cavities has been studied in an onychophoran. Ultrastructural investigations in this paper provide evidence that embryonic coelomic cavities fuse with spaces of the primary body cavity in Epiperipatus biolleyi. During embryogenesis, the somatic and splanchnic portions of the mesoderm separate and the former coelomic linings are transformed into mesenchymatic tissue. The resulting body cavity therefore represents a mixture of primary and secondary (coelomic) body cavities, i.e. the ‘mixocoel’. The nephridial anlage is already present, when the ‘mixocoel’ is formed, although there is no trace of a sacculus yet. The lumen of the nephridial anlage, thus, communicates with the newly formed ‘mixocoel’. Accordingly, the lumen of the nephridial sacculus cannot be regarded as a kind of ‘persisting coelomic cavity’ in E. biolleyi. Our findings support the hypothesis that the ‘mixocoel’ was already present in the common stem species of the Onychophora and Euarthropoda.     

Theoretical and experimental determination of SAR patterns for spherical tissue models in a rectangular resonant cavity

Specific absorption rates (SARs) were determined theoretically and experimentally for several spherical models of tissue exposed to electrical fields of TE101 mode in a rectangular cavity of 57.3 MHz resonant frequency. The approximate theoretical SAR can be calculated according to the Mie theory by superposition of four plane waves representing the fields excited in the cavity. The theoretical and thermographically determined SAR patterns in spheres with radii of 5, 7.5, and 10 cm and with conductivities of 0.1, 1, and 10 S/m were compared. For a sphere with radius less than 7.5 cm and conductivity less than 1 S/m, the SAR was quite uniform. When conductivity was increased to 10 S/m, the SAR patterns showed higher absorption in the periphery of the largest sphere (10-cm radius). These characteristics are important in evaluating the scaling technique of exposing a model of a human to very-high-frequency fields to obtain power absorption data in humans exposed to high-frequency or very-low-frequency fields.     

B-cells of the synovial membrane. II. Differentiation during development of the synovial cavity in the mouse

Summary Study of pre- and postnatal development of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the mouse shows that the synovial cavity (SC) forms before any differentiation of the synovial mesenchyme. The primitive cleft results from degradation of a thin vascular mesenchymal layer in direct contact with the chondrogenic layers. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincides with clarification of the SC (3rd to 6th day of postnatal life). When dilatation of the SC occurs (6th to 8th day), the two intimal cells types (A- and B-cells) are well identified. The B-cells already show typical features at day 6; their content of typical dense secretory vesicles is comparable to that of the adult B-cells at day 13. The specific secretory function of B-cells could be correlated with the particular structure of the intimal interstitial tissue and could account for the origin of some protein(s) of the synovial fluid.ERA 178 (Neuroendocrinologie Comparée) du CNRS et INSERM     

The goblet cavity matrix in the larval midgut of Hyalophora cecropia

The larval midgut of the silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Goblet cells were observed to contain within their cavities a matrix plug. This matrix material was extruded onto the lumen side of the epithelium when the tissue was stretched. The rôle of this matrix material in maintenance of the capacity of the midgut to transport ions in vivo and in vitro is discussed.     

潜在洞巢资源差异对次级洞巢鸟及繁殖鸟类群落的影响

为了解次生林中潜在洞巢资源(包括各种啄木鸟的啄洞和人工巢箱)的多寡对次级洞巢鸟集团及繁殖鸟类群落结构的影响, 2007年11月至2008年7月, 我们在吉林省吉林市大岗林场选择洞巢密度不同的样地, 对其次级洞巢鸟及鸟类群落结构进行了比较研究。根据洞巢资源密度我们将9块样地分为3组, 即巢箱区(啄洞密度最低, 悬挂人工巢箱使其潜在洞巢资源总密度大幅提高)、低密度区(啄洞密度较低, 无巢箱)和高密度区(啄洞密度较高, 无巢箱), 调查了3组样地内鸟类的组成和密度、潜在洞巢资源的利用情况等。3组样地中均调查到4种初级洞巢鸟, 其种类组成略有不同; 4种次级洞巢鸟在3组样地广泛分布, 分别为白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)、大山雀(Parus major)、沼泽山雀(P. palustris)和普通鳾(Sitta europaea)。巢箱区和高密度区的次级洞巢鸟总密度显著高于低密度区。巢箱区同高密度区一样, 大山雀和白眉姬鹟的密度显著高于低密度区, 这是由于大山雀和白眉姬鹟是人工巢箱的主要利用鸟种, 而沼泽山雀和普通鳾的密度在三组样地间差异不显著。初级洞巢鸟总密度与啄洞密度、次级洞巢鸟总密度与潜在洞巢资源总密度都呈显著正相关关系。潜在洞巢资源丰富的样地中鸟类群落多样性指数显著高于潜在洞巢资源贫乏样地中的鸟类群落多样性指数, 人为增加洞巢资源可以改变鸟类群落组成并显著提高群落的多样性指数。三组样地中鸟类群落的均匀性、丰富度指数和种间相遇率没有显著差异, 群落相似性指数也相近。高密度区和低密度区鸟类群落集团结构相似。次级洞巢鸟密度的增加短时期内未对群落内其他主要鸟种的密度产生显著影响。研究结果显示, 初级洞巢鸟的密度决定了啄洞的丰富程度, 而洞巢资源的差异会对次级洞巢鸟集团的分布模式产生影响, 进而影响整个繁殖鸟类群落的结构。     

Molecular recognition of a model globular protein apomyoglobin by synthetic receptor cyclodextrin: effect of fluorescence modification of the protein and cavity size of the receptor in the interaction

Labelling of proteins with some extrinsic probe is unavoidable in molecular biology research. Particularly, spectroscopic studies in the optical region require fluorescence modification of native proteins by attaching polycyclic aromatic fluoroprobe with the proteins under investigation. Our present study aims to address the consequence of the attachment of a fluoroprobe at the protein surface in the molecular recognition of the protein by selectively small model receptor. A spectroscopic study involving apomyoglobin (Apo‐Mb) and cyclodextrin (CyD) of various cavity sizes as model globular protein and synthetic receptors, respectively, using steady‐state and picosecond‐resolved techniques, is detailed here. A study involving Förster resonance energy transfer, between intrinsic amino acid tryptophan (donor) and N, N‐dimethyl naphthalene moiety of the extrinsic dansyl probes at the surface of Apo‐Mb, precisely monitor changes in donor acceptor distance as a consequence of interaction of the protein with CyD having different cavity sizes (β and γ variety). Molecular modelling studies on the interaction of tryptophan and dansyl probe with β‐CyD is reported here and found to be consistent with the experimental observations. In order to investigate structural aspects of the interacting protein, we have used circular dichroism spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent circular dichroism studies explore the change in the secondary structure of Apo‐Mb in association with CyD, before and after fluorescence modification of the protein. Overall, the study well exemplifies approaches to protein recognition by CyD as a synthetic receptor and offers a cautionary note on the use of hydrophobic fluorescent labels for proteins in biochemical studies involving recognition of molecules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2017年10月~2019年8月期间我院收治的CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者160例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80),对照组术后在常规治疗的基础上予以鼻腔生理盐水雾化吸入治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上予以金莲花液雾化吸入治疗,比较两组患者鼻通气功能[鼻腔最小截面积(NMCSA)、鼻腔容积(NV)]、生活质量和血清炎性因子[白介素-5(IL-5)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]及预后相关指标。结果:两组患者治疗10 d后NMCSA、NV均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后情感职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、生理功能、精神健康、活力、生理职能、总体健康的维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后血清IL-5、TNF-α、PCT水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术腔清洁时间、上皮化时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组鼻黏液纤毛传输速度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:金莲花液雾化吸入治疗CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者,可有效改善其鼻通气功能及生活质量,抑制炎性反应,促进患者恢复。