中国稻田蜘蛛群落结构研究初报

通过近３０ａ的调查研究，中国稻田蜘蛛群落的物种组成，经不断分类鉴定，有２２科、１０８属、３７５种，其中已定出种名的有３３７种，未定种名的３８种。２２科中有优势科８个，优势属１３个，及１７个优势种，但优势科中不一定都含有优势属或优势种。     

安息香科植物地理分布研究

安息香科植物共１２属,约１５０种,分布于亚洲和美洲的热带亚热带地区及欧洲南部的温暖地区。亚洲是现代安息香科植物的主要分布区,有１１个属,集中分布于中国南部和西南部附近。中国南岭山地及其附近汇集了８属２０多种,包括中国特有的陀螺果属、秤锤树属和长果安息香属以及东亚北美间断分布的银钟花属。这些呈星散分布的残余成分是从当地起源的。中国西南地区的安息香科植物仅云南一地就达８属３０余种,其中不少为局部分化形成的狭域分布特有种。这里是安息香科植物的分化中心,茉莉果属和歧序野茉莉属可能即是由此发端的。后者和安息香属经中南半岛一直分布到热带亚洲地区,并在马来西亚地区形成一次生分化中心。欧洲安息香科植物可能来自亚洲,并于第三纪得到发展。安息香科植物在欧洲的衰落,可能是遭到第四纪冰川严重破坏的结果。北美安息香科植物和欧亚大陆的有着共同起源,主要分布于东南部,并通过中美向南美发展。南美安息香科植物达５０余种,集中分布于亚马逊河流域。这里是安息香科植物的另一次生分化中心。特产巴西的花弄蝶属即是从当地分化出来的。     

The fragmentation of actin by thrombin. Isolation and characterization of the split products

Thrombin, a limited protease, hydrolyzes three bonds in actin at Arg-28, Arg-39, and Lys-113, thereby producing two smaller peptides and two larger fragments. The location of the bonds split was identified in the amino acid sequence of actin by isolating the split products and carrying out amino acid analysis, and N- and C-terminal determinations.     

A review of software tools for spell‐checking taxon names in vegetation databases

Correct spelling of taxon names in vegetation databases is a fundamental prerequisite for many data processing steps. However, manual detection and correction of spelling mistakes is inefficient, prone to errors and non‐reproducible, especially when scanning large databases. Here, I review six software tools that spell‐check taxon names in vegetation databases: (1) the Global Names Resolver, (2) the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera, (3) the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service and R packages (4) Plantminer, (5) Taxonstand and (6) tpl. In particular, I test their capacity to spell‐check names across the taxonomic ranks and organism groups frequently encountered in vegetation data and challenge their ability to screen names from different geographic regions. Performance by software tools differed widely in these tests. Backed up by multiple reference lists, the Global Names Resolver emerged as the most versatile software tool. All software solutions currently suffer from some minor limitations, including an inability to spell‐check names of hybrid taxa. Furthermore, some spelling mistakes, by their nature, cannot be resolved unambiguously. Given these limitations, taxon names should be spell‐checked with software tools in a semi‐automatic rather than an automatic way.     

Changes to International Nonproprietary Names for antibody therapeutics 2017 and beyond: of mice,men and more

Active pharmaceutical substances require an International Nonproprietary Name (INN) assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to obtain market authorization as a medicinal product. INNs are selected to represent a unique, generic name for a drug enabling unambiguous identification by stakeholders worldwide. INNs may be requested after initiating clinical development of an investigational drug. Pharmaceutical classes are indicated by a common stem or suffix. Currently, INNs for monoclonal antibody-based drugs are recognized by the suffix, -mab, preceded by a source infix such as -xi- (chimeric), -zu- (humanized) or -u- (human) designating the species from which the antibody was derived. However, many technological advances have made it increasingly difficult to accurately capture an antibody's source in its name. In 2014, the WHO and the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council approached this challenge by implementing changes to antibody source infix definitions. Unfortunately, gaps and ambiguities in the definitions and procedures resulted in inconsistent source category assignments and widespread confusion. The Antibody Society, extensively supported by academic and industry scientists, voiced concerns leading to constructive dialog during scheduled consultations with WHO and USAN Council representatives. In June 2017, the WHO announced that use of the source infix will be discontinued for new antibody INNs effective immediately. We fully support this change as it better aligns antibody INNs with current and foreseeable future innovations in antibody therapeutics. Here we review the changes implemented. Additionally, we analyzed antibody INNs recently assigned under the previous 2014 definitions and provide recommendations for further alignment.     

香港蕨类植物分布新记录和名称修订(三)

报道了近年在香港再发现的两个属－黄腺蕨属（叉蕨科）和网藤蕨属（藤蕨科）,并对港产的黄腺蕨、有盖黄腺蕨和网藤蕨的标本和文献进行整理,及对国产的相近种类作分类处理,把钩形黄腺羽蕨和广西黄腺羽蕨归并于黄腺蕨中。此外,亦对网藤蕨进行了长期观察,证实了Holtum关于该种的叶轴顶端的形态修正。黄腺蕨属和网藤蕨属在香港的再发现,对华南蕨植物地理区系的研究具有一定的意义。由于这两属在本地均为罕见之种类,故可考虑到入得法珍稀蕨类名单之内。     

Septate junctions between digestive vacuoles in human malacoplakia

Typical septate junctions between digestive vacuoles in phagocytic cells of human malacoplakia are described in this paper. Evidence for a honeycomb pattern of hexagonal subunits is presented for their cleft material. Junctions were not observed between other organelles or in cells other than phagocytes. It is assumed that the septate junctions described here may reflect a pathological change in the organization of the membrane components of digestive organelles.     

Rethinking the INN system for therapeutic antibodies

In the context of a possible revision of the International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, which is saturated, we propose several avenues of reflection driven by the primary goal of the INN, information of health-care professionals. Clinical considerations argue for an abandon of the substems A (target category) and B (origin category), which lengthen the INN without real added-value. On the contrary, new substems or suffixes are required to alert on the absence/presence of an Fc portion and/or multispecificity, which are essential from a pharmacological point of view. Moreover, we think it necessary to explicitly mention Fc variations since they could influence the pharmacology of these biopharmaceuticals, and hence their efficacy and side-effects. Besides indicating the subclass/isotype in the documents easily accessible to health care professionals, we propose to systematically describe both the natural variations (allotypes) by using the Gm (G marker) system, and the artificial variations by using a Ge (G engineering) system that is discussed here and could apply to all IgG constant domains (tentatively called the Fy portion).     

A common registration-to-publication automated pipeline for nomenclatural acts for higher plants (International Plant Names Index,IPNI), fungi (Index Fungorum,MycoBank) and animals (ZooBank)

Collaborative effort among four lead indexes of taxon names and nomenclatural acts ( International Plant Name Index (IPNI), Index Fungorum, MycoBank and ZooBank) and the journals PhytoKeys, MycoKeys and ZooKeys to create an automated, pre-publication, registration workflow, based on a server-to-server, XML request/response model. The registration model for ZooBank uses the TaxPub schema, which is an extension to the Journal Tag Publishing Suite (JATS) of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The indexing or registration model of IPNI and Index Fungorum will use the Taxonomic Concept Transfer Schema (TCS) as a basic standard for the workflow. Other journals and publishers who intend to implement automated, pre-publication, registration of taxon names and nomenclatural acts can also use the open sample XML formats and links to schemas and relevant information published in the paper.