国家自然科学基金资助20年皮肤性病学基础研究发展概况

概述了近20年来国家自然科学基金在皮肤性病学领域的资助情况和布局,对资助项目的重要研究成果进行了总结和分析,反映了国内皮肤性病学的研究现状和存在的问题,展示了国家自然科学基金在学科发展上的重要引领作用。     

预防医学国家自然科学基金资助项目研究成果简介

本文根据历年项目负责人的结题报告,对部分预防医学领域国家自然科学基金资助项目的研究成果进行了简要综述,供关心预防医学科学基金事业发展的科研和管理人员参考。     

国家自然科学基金资助农作物生物技术研究项目现状与展望

近年来,我国农作物生物技术研究和应用取得了很大进展。自然科学基金作为资助自然科学基础性研究的重要渠道之一,资助了大量有关农作物生物技术研究的课题。本文介绍了国家自然科学基金从重大项目、重点项目和面上项目三个层次上资助农作物生物技术研究项目的情况,分析了我国农作物生物技术研究中存在的问题,并展望了国家自然科学基金未来资助农作物生物技术研究的几个重要方面。     

NSFC微生物学学科工作回顾及展望

1 NSFC成立以来微生物学学科资助项目的整体概况 自NSFC成立的1986年至2002年的17年里,微生物学学科共资助各类项目1107项,使用经费11663.6万元(表1).2002年内,截止到9月底,已批准使用经费2208万元;今年面上项目平均强度达到19万元.随着NSFC经费总量的不断增加,面上项目经费强度还会逐年增加."十五"期间,NSFC的总经费将超过100亿.     

科学基金资助RNA病毒相关项目统计分析

国家自然科学基金资助RNA病毒相关基础研究,主要包括病毒溯源、结构与功能、遗传与演化、以及与宿主相互作用等方面,以揭示病毒产生、传播与致病的物质基础与作用机制,为相关疾病的诊断、预防和治疗提供理论基础。本文主要从项目类型、资助经费、人才培养、资助成果等方面,统计了国家自然科学基金RNA病毒相关获资助项目情况,分析本领域项目资助存在的问题,尝试提出未来发展建议。     

"九五"期间NSFC资助的抗炎免疫药理学主要研究方向

作者全面总结了“九五”期间国家自然科学基金委员会对我国抗炎免疫药是学研究资助的情况,分析了资助项目的主要研究方向;提出了该分支学科研究和发展的一些建议。     

1988～2011年国家自然科学基金真菌病学资助项目分析及文献复习

目的通过分析1988～2011年国家自然科学基金对真菌病学的资助情况和复习相关文献总结国内真菌病学领域1988～2011年的热点问题及研究现状。方法访问国家自然科学基金ISIS系统C0107、H1104、H1903,检索1988～2011年真菌病学获得国家自然基金资助的项目总数,并对其进行统计分析。结果 1988～2011年真菌病学获得国家自然科学基金资助项目共计95项,每年的资助项目数逐步上升,面上项目和青年基金项目为资助主体。1988～2011年国家自然科学基金对真菌病学的各个研究方向都有项目资助。排在前3位的分别是:隐球菌、念珠菌、曲霉,发表了很多有价值的文章。结论 1988～2011年真菌病学在国家自然科学基金的引领下取得了长足的进步与发展。     

Bioactivity of soy-based fermented foods: A review

For centuries, fermented soy foods have been dietary staples in Asia and, now, in response to consumer demand, they are available throughout the world. Fermentation bestows unique flavors, boosts nutritional values and increases or adds new functional properties. In this review, we describe the functional properties and underlying action mechanisms of soy-based fermented foods such as Natto, fermented soy milk, Tempeh and soy sauce. When possible, the contribution of specific bioactive components is highlighted. While numerous studies with in vitro and animal models have hinted at the functionality of fermented soy foods, ascribing health benefits requires well-designed, often complex human studies with analysis of diet, lifestyle, family and medical history combined with long-term follow-ups for each subject. In addition, the contribution of the microbiome to the bioactivities of fermented soy foods, possibly mediated through direct action or bioactive metabolites, needs to be studied. Potential synergy or other interactions among the microorganisms carrying out the fermentation and the host's microbial community may also contribute to food functionality, but the details still require elucidation. Finally, safety evaluation of fermented soy foods has been limited, but is essential in order to provide guidelines for consumption and confirm lack of toxicity.     

Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture

Crop production is facing unprecedented challenges. Despite the fact that the food supply has significantly increased over the past half-century, ~8.9 and 14.3% people are still suffering from hunger and malnutrition, respectively. Agricultural environments are continuously threatened by a booming world population, a shortage of arable land, and rapid changes in climate. To ensure food and ecosystem security, there is a need to design future crops for sustainable agriculture development by maximizing net production and minimalizing undesirable effects on the environment. The future crops design projects, recently launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), aim to develop a roadmap for rapid design of customized future crops using cutting-edge technologies in the Breeding 4.0 era. In this perspective, we first introduce the background and missions of these projects. We then outline strategies to design future crops, such as improvement of current well-cultivated crops, de novo domestication of wild species and redomestication of current cultivated crops. We further discuss how these ambitious goals can be achieved by the recent development of new integrative omics tools, advanced genome-editing tools and synthetic biology approaches. Finally, we summarize related opportunities and challenges in these projects.