Assessment of clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with taxanes: multi-analytical approach

Polymorphisms in genes encoding CYPs (Phase I) and ABCB1 (Phase III) enzymes may attribute to variability of efficacy of taxanes. The present study aims to find the influence of CYP and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on taxanes based clinical outcomes. 132 breast cancer patients treated with taxanes based chemotherapy were genotyped for CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3, CYP1B1*3, CYP2C8*3, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP. Associations of genetic variants with clinical outcomes in terms of response in 58 patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and chemo-toxicity in 132 patients were studied. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was performed to evaluate higher order gene–gene interactions with clinical outcomes. Pathological response to taxane based NACT was associated with GA genotype as well as A allele of CYP3A5*3 polymorphism (P_corr = 0.0465, P_corr = 0.0465). Similarly, association was found in dominant model of CYP3A5*3 polymorphism with responders (P_corr = 0.0465). Haplotype analysis further revealed A_CYP3A4–A_CYP3A5 haplotype to be significantly associated with responders (P_corr = 0.048). In assessing toxicity, significant association of variant (TT) genotype and T allele of ABCB1 2677G>T/A polymorphism, was found with ‘grade 1 or no leucopenia’ (P_corr = 0.0465, P_corr = 0.048). On evaluating higher order gene–gene interaction models by MDR analysis, CYP3A5*3; ABCB11236C>T and ABCB1 2677G>T/A; ABCB1 3435C>T and CYP1B1*3 showed significant association with treatment response, grade 2–4 anemia and dose delay/reduction due to neutropenia (P = 0.024, P = 0.004, P = 0.026), respectively. Multi-analytical approaches may provide a better assessment of pharmacogenetic based treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with taxanes.     

LC3B,mTOR, AMPK Are Molecular Targets for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers

Autophagy plays a dual role in oncogenesis processes. On one hand, autophagy enhances the cell resistance to oncogenic factors, and on the other hand, it participates in the tumor progression. The aim of the study was to find the associations between the effectiveness of the FLOT regimen in resectable gastric cancers (GCs) with the key autophagy-related proteins. Materials and Methods: The study included 34 patients with morphologically verified gastric cancer. All patients had FLOT neoadjunvant chemotherapy (NACT) (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) followed by gastrectomy. The studied tissue material was the non-transformed and tumor tissues obtained during diagnostic video gastroscopy in patients before the start of the combined treatment and after surgical treatment, frozen after collection. The LC3B, mTOR, and AMPK expression was determined by real-time PCR. The content of the LC3B protein was determined by Western blotting analysis. Results: The mRNA level and the content of the LC3B protein were associated with the tumor stage and the presence of signet ring cells. The AMPK mRNA level was increased in patients with the T4N0-2M0 stage by 37.7 and 7.33 times, which was consequently compared with patients with the T2N0M0 and T3N0-1M0 stages. The opposite changes in the mTOR and AMPK in the GCs before anti-cancer therapy were noted. The tumor size and regional lymph node affections were associated with a decrease in the mTOR mRNA level. A decrease in the mTOR expression was accompanied by an increase in the AMPK expression in the GCs. The mTOR expression was reduced in patients with a cancer spreading; in contrast, AMPK grew with the tumor size. There was an increase in the LC3B expression, which can probably determine the response to therapy. An increase in LC3B mRNA before the start of treatment and the protein content in cancers after NACT with a decrease in therapy effectiveness was recorded. There was an increase in the protein level in patients with partial regression and stabilization by 3.65 and 5.78 times, respectively, when compared with patients with complete tumor regression was noted. Conclusions: The anticancer effectiveness in GCS is down to the LC3B, mTOR, and AMPK expression. These were found to be entire molecular targets affecting the cancer progression and metastasis as well as the NACT effectiveness.     

mdrl甲基化与宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效相关性研究

目的:研究宫颈癌肿瘤细胞多药耐药基因1(mdr1)甲基化与宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效相关性,探索适用于预测临床化疗多药耐药性的敏感指标。方法:采用MassARRY EpiTYPER DNA甲基化分析技术定量分析宫颈鳞癌(n=40)新辅助化疗前后、正常对照组(n=30)中的mdr1基因启动子区15个CpG位点的甲基化状态。结果:新辅助化疗敏感组(n=31)CpG_2、3、4位点甲基化率高于行新辅助化疗耐药组(n=9),差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);与新辅助化疗前组相比,化疗后组CpG_7、CpG_8、CpG_12、13、CpG_18、CpG_19、20、CpG_23、CpG_24位点甲基化率减低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);与正常组织(n=30)相比,宫颈癌(n=80)CpG_2、3、4、CpG_5、CpG_6、CpG_7、CpG_8、CpG_9、10、CpG_12、13、CpG_18、CpG_19、20、CpG_22、CpG_23、CpG_24位点甲基化率较低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌mdr1基因甲基化水平高低与宫颈癌NACT疗效有一定相关性。     

mdr1甲基化与宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效相关性研究

目的：研究宫颈癌肿瘤细胞多药耐药基因1（mdr1）甲基化与宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效相关性,探索适用于预测临床化疗多药耐药性的敏感指标。方法：采用MassARRYEpiTYPERDNA甲基化分析技术定量分析宫颈鳞癌（n=40）新辅助化疗前后、正常对照组（n=30）中的mdr1基因启动子区15个CpG位点的甲基化状态。结果：新辅助化疗敏感组（n=31）CpG2、3、4位点甲基化率高于行新辅助化疗耐药组（n=9）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与新辅助化疗前组相比,化疗后组CpG_7、CpG_8、CpG_12、13、CpG_18、CpG_19、20、CpG_23、CpG_24位点甲基化率减低,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）;与正常组织（n=30）相比,宫颈癌（n=80）CpG_2、3、4、CpG_5、CpG6、CpG_7、CpG_8、CpG_9、10、CpG-12、13、CpG_18、CpQ_19、20、CpG_22、CpG_23、CpG_24位点甲基化率较低,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌mdr1基因甲基化水平高低与宫颈癌NACT疗效有一定相关性。