细纹豆芫菁和大斑芫菁的性行为

本文对细纹豆芫菁EpicautamannerheimiM kl和大斑芫菁MylabrisphalerataPallas的求偶和交配过程进行了描述。列举了芫菁亚科 5族 1 3属 3 4种芫菁的性行为 ,并讨论了雄成虫在形态构造上对求偶和交配行为的适应性行为。     

人工饲养条件下眼斑芫菁不同发育阶段斑蝥素含量的变化

【目的】分析人工饲养条件下眼斑芫菁Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus不同发育阶段体内斑蝥素含量的变化。【方法】收集不同发育阶段的眼斑芫菁,通过热碱浸提法提取斑蝥素,而后以气相色谱法检测含量。【结果】在幼虫期,1龄幼虫斑蝥素相对含量最高,2龄幼虫斑蝥素相对含量降到最低点;以后随着虫体的发育,幼虫体重和斑蝥素含量都逐渐增加。羽化后的成虫经隔离饲养,雄虫在羽化后5～30天大量合成斑蝥素,而雌虫体内斑蝥素含量则极低,具有典型的性二型现象;雌雄混合饲养组中,20～30天雌虫体内可以检测到大量斑蝥素,而同期雄虫斑蝥素含量远低于隔离饲养组。【结论】幼虫期斑蝥素含量随虫体发育而增加;成虫期主要由雄虫合成斑蝥素。混合饲养组成虫平均单头斑蝥素含量高于隔离饲养组雌雄虫平均斑蝥素含量。成虫身体各部位的斑蝥素含量以腹部最高,胸部次之。     

不同炮制方法对斑蝥体内有效物质的影响

在采用不同炮制方法处理3种斑蝥后,测定它们体内的游离斑蝥素和结合斑蝥素的损失率.结果显示:在浅程度炮制方法的处理下,3种斑蝥体内的游离斑蝥素损失率均小于60%,而结合斑蝥素损失率均大于60%;深程度炮制方法的处理下,3种斑蝥体内的游离斑蝥素损失率均小于80%,而结合斑蝥素损失率均大于80%.结合斑蝥素的损失率及损失的量...     

Abundance of boll worm, flower beetle, predators and field colonization by Rhynocoris kumarii (Het., Reduviidae) following mulching and shelter provisioning in cotton

Abstract:  Field colonization of the assassin bug Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone and biocontrol potential of predatory arthropods after mulching with sorghum trash and coconut leaflets and with shelter provisioning with pieces of clay pots and stones was studied in a cotton field experiment at the Agricultural College Farm, Killikulam, South India. Third and fourth nymphal instars of R. kumarii were released. There were fewer Helicoverpa armigera Hübner larvae in plots with mulched cotton trash than in control and other (mulched and shelter provisioned) plots. But mulching did not affect the number of adult Mylabris pustulata Thunberg. The flower and boll damage was significantly less in trash and leaflet mulch plots than in other shelter provisioned and control plots. The percentage of good quality cotton was also greater in mulch plots than in control plots. The yield of seed-cotton was also significantly greater in plots with trash mulches and coconut leaflet mulches than in control plots.     

大斑芫菁滞育幼虫在滞育不同阶段体内糖类和醇类含量的变化

在以卵滞育的昆虫中昆虫滞育时的生理代谢特点已经得到了大量研究。本文对以末龄幼虫（5龄）滞育的大斑芫菁Mylabris phalerate（Pallas）在不同滞育阶段体内糖类和醇类代谢的特征进行了研究。结果表明： 滞育个体血淋巴中的海藻糖含量高于非滞育个体,且随滞育时间的加大逐渐升高,滞育5个月时达到最大值,为5.61 μmol/mL。糖原的含量随滞育的进程逐渐减少,滞育初期（0.5个月）为0.72 mg/mL,到滞育末期（5个月）时仅为0.1 mg/mL。滞育个体脂肪体中的海藻糖含量都高于非滞育个体,滞育1个月时为非滞育个体的3倍,至滞育末期时达非滞育个体的5倍,为2.5 μmol/g脂肪体。糖原含量总体变化趋势是随滞育时间的加大逐渐减少,滞育早期和中期都高于非滞育个体。在滞育过程中血淋巴积累的小分子多元醇主要为甘油,其次是山梨醇;而在脂肪体中主要为甘油,其次是甘露醇,少量积累山梨醇：表明大斑芫菁滞育幼虫主要积累的是海藻糖和一些小分子多元醇。滞育幼虫在准备滞育时储备了大量糖原,这些糖原可能为滞育期间海藻糖、山梨醇和甘油的代谢提供了原料。     

中国斑芫菁后翅形态比较

选取中国斑芫菁属11个代表种,对比分析了它们的后翅形态特征; 以苹斑芫菁Mylabris calida Pallas, 1782为模式,探讨了斑芫菁属后翅的翅脉名称,并对其性状进行了描述。研究结果将斑芫菁属翅脉归纳为3种类型：1）南方型：东洋种,翅深褐色,各脉粗大,骨化程度高,皱褶多而明显;2）高原型：青藏高原特有种,翅乳白色,半透明,仅前缘和MP_1＋2形成明显的大翅室,余脉淡而不显,骨化程度低;3）北方型：为以上两种类型的中间过渡,古北种,翅褐色,各脉清晰,中度骨化。根据研究结果,初步探讨了斑芫菁属翅脉的形态进化。     

芫菁斑蝥素对几种动物蛋白磷酸酶2A的抑制作用

研究斑蝥素对马、兔、猪、鸡、眼斑芫菁Mylabris cichorii(L.)等几种动物体内PP2A的抑制作用。将斑蝥素作用于马、兔、猪、鸡、眼斑芫菁等几种动物体内的PP2A,采用蛋白磷酸酶抑制法-比色法测定斑蝥素对PP2A的抑制率。斑蝥素对马、兔、猪等哺乳动物体内的PP2A有明显的抑制作用,IC50分别为0.07、0.12、0.23 g/L;斑蝥素对鸡体内的PP2A有一定的抑制作用,而对于眼斑芫菁体内PP2A抑制作用不明显。马、兔、猪体内的PP2A对斑蝥素很敏感,而鸡和眼斑芫菁体内的PP2A对斑蝥素较不敏感。     

不同温度和土壤含水量对大斑芫菁生长发育的联合作用

在室内人工饲养大斑芜蓄,研究了不同温度、土壤台水量对大斑芜蓄生长发育及其卵的孵化串的联合作用。结果表明：大斑芜蓄不同生长发育时期对温度、土壤台水量的要求有所不同,１—６龄幼虫发育速率最快时的温度和土壤台水量依次为：３２．６℃、６％;３５．６℃、６％;３６．３℃、６％;３８．０℃、６％;３５．６℃、６％;３８．０℃、７．１％,蛹发育速率最快时的温度、土壤台水量为３７．１℃、６％。卵孵化率最高时的温度、土壤台水量为３４．０℃、１２％,卵发育速率最快时的温度、土壤台水量为３３．２℃、７％,     

Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Mylabris Based on Heavy Metal Risk Assessment and Analysis of Pharmacological Component Contents

As a highly representative traditional Chinese anti-tumor medicinal material, the biomass of Mylabris is collected from the wild. However, the living environments of Mylabris is differ, so Mylabris may be contaminated by heavy metal pollution depending on the environment. These environments may also affect the amount of biosynthesis of its medicinal ingredient, cantharidin, there by affecting the quality of Mylabris. In this study, we determined the heavy metal content in Mylabris from different origins by using ICP-MS, evaluated the risk posed by these heavy metals, and recommended theoretical maximum limits of heavy metals in medicinal Mylabris. The results show that the Cu content in Mylabris is substantially higher than that in Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg. A quantitative risk assessment showed that Mylabris poses no noncarcinogenic risks. The results of the total carcinogenic risk value showed that origins S12 and S13 pose carcinogenic risk by Cr and As, and the rest of the origins were in the human-tolerable carcinogenic risk range. We found large differences in the cantharidin content in Mylabris from different origins. In general, the Mylabris from origins S2, S3 and S4 had a higher in vivo cantharidin content, which proved that the quality of the medicinal materials was higher here than in other production areas. Finally, we providing a reference for the quality evaluation of medicinal Mylabris materials.