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1.
Ram S. Verma Amit Chauhan Rajendra C. Padalia Sanjeev K. Jat Sanjog Thul Velusamy Sundaresan 《化学与生物多样性》2013,10(4):628-641
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae), commonly known as ‘curry leaf tree’, is a popular spice and condiment of India. To explore the diversity of the essential‐oil yield and aroma profile of curry leaf, growing wild in foot and mid hills of north India, 58 populations were collected during spring season. M. koenigii populations were found to grow up to an altitude of 1487 m in north India. Comparative results showed considerable variations in the essential‐oil yield and composition. The essential‐oil yield varied from 0.14 to 0.80% in shade‐dried leaves of different populations of M. koenigii. Analysis of the essential oils by GC and GC/MS, and the subsequent classification by statistical analysis resulted in four clusters with significant variations in their terpenoid composition. Major components of the essential oils of investigated populations were α‐pinene ( 2 ; 4.5–71.5%), sabinene ( 3 ; <0.05–66.1%), (E)‐caryophyllene ( 11 ; 1.6–18.0%), β‐pinene ( 4 ; <0.05–13.6%), terpinen‐4‐ol ( 9 ; 0.0–8.4%), γ‐terpinene ( 8 ; 0.2–7.4%), limonene ( 7 ; 1.1–5.5%), α‐terpinene ( 6 ; 0.0–4.5%), (E)‐nerolidol ( 14 ; 0.0–4.1%), α‐humulene ( 12 ; 0.6–3.5%), α‐thujene ( 1 ; 0.0–2.5%), β‐elemene ( 10 ; 0.2–2.4%), β‐selinene ( 13 ; 0.2–2.3%), and myrcene ( 5 ; 0.5–2.1%). Comparison of the present results with those in earlier reports revealed new chemotypes of M. koenigii in investigated populations from Western Himalaya. The present study documents M. koenigii populations having higher amounts of sabinene ( 3 ; up to 66.1%) for the first time. 相似文献
2.
Deepankar Gahloth Ashwani Kumar Sharma 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2010,494(1):15-43734
Earlier, the purification of a 21.4 kDa protein with trypsin inhibitory activity from seeds of Murraya koenigii has been reported. The present study, based on the amino acid sequence deduced from both cDNA and genomic DNA, establishes it to be a miraculin-like protein and provides crystal structure at 2.9 Å resolution. The mature protein consists of 190 amino acid residues with seven cysteines arranged in three disulfide bridges. The amino acid sequence showed maximum homology and formed a distinct cluster with miraculin-like proteins, a soybean Kunitz super family member, in phylogenetic analyses. The major differences in sequence were observed at primary and secondary specificity sites in the reactive loop when compared to classical Kunitz family members. The crystal structure analysis showed that the protein is made of twelve antiparallel β-strands, loops connecting β-strands and two short helices. Despite similar overall fold, it showed significant differences from classical Kunitz trypsin inhibitors. 相似文献
3.
But Paul Pui-Hay Kong Yun-Cheung Li Qian Chang Hong-Ta Chang Kiaw-Lan Wong Khoon-Meng Gray Alexander I. Waterman Peter G. 《植物分类学报:英文版》1988,26(3):205-210
Swingle[14-15] divided Aurantioideac into two tribes, one of which, Clausereae was
further divided into three subtribes, namely, Micromelinae, Clauseninae and Merrilliinae. Mic
romelinae and Merrilliinae each have one genus, whereas Clauseninae has three genera. Morphologically, the Clauseneae is a natural tribe, the five genera are related in a linear sequence,
starting with Micromelum as the most primitive and progressing in sequence to Glycosmis,
Clausena, Murraya and Merrillia. Chemical studies also support this linear relationship, as
revealed by the degree of oxygenation and complexity of the 3-methyl carbazole alkaloids,
from CH3 and C13 in Glycosmis to CHO and C18 in Clausena and COOH and C23 in Murraya[20-21]. Distribution of flavonoids also indicates the progression from Clauseninae to
Merrilliinae[18-19].
Extensive work has been conducted on the chemistry and taxonomy of the genus Murraya [1,5,7-13,16], and the data from these studies clearly indicate the presence of two distinct
groups. Based on a combination of morphological and chemical differences, we agreed with
Tanaka[16-17] in dividing Murraya into two sections, i.e. section Murraya and section Bergera[1].
However, our previous study[1] has not touched on the relationship between the two sections.
Tanaka[16-17] placed section Bergera before section Murraya, and indicated that the former is
close to Micromelum and the latter to Merrillia. Swingle[14-15], on the other hand, put taxa of
section Murraya ahead of those of section Bergera, presumably suggesting that plants of section Murraya are more primitive than those of section Bergera, this arrangement was followed
by Huang[2-3]. The two conflicting viewpoints would have direct bearings on the interpretation of the trends of biogenesis of prenylated indole and carbazole alkaloids, as well as on the
weighing of the relative advancement of the morphological characters within the genus, such
as in the assignment of indices of divergence and in the construction of Wagner Divergence
Diagrams. Without more objective criteria, we find it difficult to select one of the two systems.
In order to determine the relationship between the two sections of Murraya, we decided
to study plants of related genera, with the hope that the chemical data may shed light on the
problem. A plant that attracted our attention is Merrillia caloxylon (Ridley) Swingle. So far,
only eupatorin and a few other flavonoids have been reported from the fruit of this species[4,6].
Although Me. caloxylon belongs to Merrilliinae, a subtribe next to Clauseninae, Tanaka[16-17]
believes that it is close to Murraya section Murraya. Swingle[15], also suggested that this species
might have developed from the same stock that gave rise to Mu. paniculata. If their interpretations were accurate, we would expect that Me. caloxylon would also contain yuehchukene
and 8-prenylated coumarins. The presence of the antiimplantation agent would not only open
up a new source of the compound but also help us judge the relationship between the two sections of Murraya. It is in this context that we studied the chemical composition of Me. caloxylon.
Indeed, root and stem bark of Me. caloxylon were found to contain the antiimplantation indole alkaloid yuehchukene (1), and the 8-prenylated coumarins sibiricin (II) and phebalosin (III), as well as 3-(3-methy1-buta-1,3-diene) indole (IV) and eupatorin (V.) Details
on the chemical profiles are reported in another paper.
Through this exercise, we have confirmed the close relationship between Merrilliinae and
Murraya section Murraya, plants of both taxa contain yuehchukene and 8-prenylated coumarins,
but no carbazole alkaloid. Root and stem bark of Me. caloxylon, like those of plants of section
Murraya, are strawcolored to pale whitish. Its leaves also bear wings along the rachis an in
Mu. alata, and the seeds are also villous. However, Me. caloxylon has long trumpetshaped flowers 55-60 mm long, much larger than those found in other rutaceous plants. Its fruit is ob
long, up to 11 cm long and 8 cm across, bearing a thick and warty pericarp, exuding a very stick
mucilage when cut, and containing numerous seeds (>30). The plant was known to exist in
the Malay Peninsula and north Sumatra[15], but, according to David Jones (per. comm.) of
the University of Malaya, is now only available in cultivation in Malaysia and Singapore, a limitation to any further exploitation as an additional source of yuehchukene.
Besides confirming the close relationship between Merrillia and section Murraya, we may
also conclude that section Bergera is close to Glycosmis and Clausena, since they are known
to contain carbazole alkaloids but no yuehchukene. Accordingly, we find Tanaka’s arrangement more acceptable: plants of section Bergera are more primitive than those of section Murraya, the former is close to Clausena whereas the latter (notably Mu. alata) to Merrillia. The
relationship among the gonera with in Clauseneae may be illustrated as follow: Micromelum→
Glycosmis→Clausena→Murraya sect. Bergera→Murraya sect. Murraya→Marrillia.
Accordingly, we may decide that the following character states are more primitive among plants of Murraya and Merrillia: root and stem bark dark brown, leaf rachis wingless,
flower small, fruit purple-black with few seeds, and seed coat glabrous. In contrast, strawcolored or pale whitish bark, winged leaf rachis, large flower, red or yellow fruit with many
seeds and villous seed coat can be regarded as more advanced characters.
Acknowledgments Partial support was received from the World Health Organization Special Programme on Human Reproduction and the Kevin Hsu Research Fund (to YCK)
and Commonwealth Science Council (to PPHB). The staff of the Singapore Botanic Gardens
and the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia are thanked for their assistance in collecting plantmaterial. 相似文献
4.
从广西九里香根中分离到两个咔吧唑生物碱和一个甾醇,经波谱方法鉴定为九里香叶甲碱(1),九里香碱(2)和β-谷甾醇。 相似文献
5.
6.
An efficient and reproducible procedure for the large scale propagation of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Curry Leaf Tree) is described. High-frequency direct shoot proliferation was induced in intact seedlings of
M. koenigii on modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l benzyladenine. Shoot buds originated from the
region adjacent to the apex of the primary shoot and the epicotyledonary node of the intact seedling. Shoots elongated following
transfer to MS medium without plant growth regulators. The shoot-forming capacity of intact seedlings was influenced by explant
orientation. Maximum shoot proliferation was obtained when the shoot-forming region was in direct contact with the medium
surface or slightly embedded into the medium. Proliferating shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing mother
seedlings on fresh medium of the same composition after excising all newly formed shoots. Roots were formed on excised shoots
when they were transfered to half-strength MS containing 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. Plantlets were acclimatized and established
in soil where they exhibited normal growth.
Received: 25 September 1996 / Revised version received: 5 May 1997 / Accepted: 22 May 1997 相似文献
7.
Shoots of orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata) a member of the Rutaceae family flowered in vitro on half-strength MT basal medium containing 5% sucrose. The highest percentage
(95%) of flowering was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l–1 N6-benzyladenine and pH 5.7. A “floral gradient” was detected among the stem internodes and root segments derived from seedlings,
with shoot and flower formation significantly influenced by position on the shoot internodes and root segments. Flower buds
originating from shoots derived from seeds but not other tissues developed into normal flowers and produced zygotic embryos.
Received: 10 December 1997 / Revision received: 5 November 1998 / Accepted: 2 December 1998 相似文献
8.
Avinash Sharma Rupak Nagraik Baskar Venkidasamy Azhar Khan Kanika Dulta Pankaj Kumar Chauhan Deepak Kumar Dong-Soo Shin 《Luminescence》2023,38(7):1139-1148
Nanotechnology is an emerging field with tremendous potential and usage of medicinal plants and green preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the widely explored areas. These have been shown to be effective against different biological activities such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. The current studies focus on the green synthesis of zinc NPs (ZnO NPs) from aqueous leaf extract of Murraya koenigii (MK). The synthesized Murraya koeingii zinc oxide NPs (MK ZnO NPs) were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The synthesized MK ZnO NPs were evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. They demonstrated significant antidiabetic and cytotoxic activity, as well as moderate free-radical scavenging and antibacterial activity. 相似文献
9.
A benzoisofuranone derivative and carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii and their antimicrobial activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A benzoisofuranone derivative, 3xi-(1xi-hydroxyethyl)-7-hydroxy-1-isobenzofuranone, and a dimeric carbazole alkaloid, 3,3'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9H-carbazole), along with six known carbazole alkaloids and three known steroids were isolated from the stem bark of Murraya koenigii. The structures of these compounds were established unambiguously by UV, IR, MS and a series of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds were found to be in the range 3.13-100 microg/ml. 相似文献
10.
Chandan Shee Ashwani K. Sharma 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(1):115-120
A protein with trypsin inhibitory activity was purified to homogeneity from the seeds of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf tree) by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography on HPLC. The molecular mass of the protein was determined to be 27 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions. The solubility studies at different pH conditions showed that it is completely soluble at and above pH 7.5 and slowly precipitates below this pH at a protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. The purified protein inhibited bovine pancreatic trypsin completely in a molar ratio of 1:1.1. Maximum inhibition was observed at pH 8.0. Kinetic studies showed that Murraya koenigii trypsin inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 7 × 10? 9 M. The N-terminal sequence of the first 15 amino acids showed no similarity with any of the known trypsin inhibitors, however, a short sequence search showed significant homology to a Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor from Erythrina variegata. 相似文献