“引黄济青”输水沿线水生生物分布与蓄水库富营养化关系的研究

“引黄济青”是国家“七五”重点工程,由黄河下游博兴县境内打渔张闸引水,在渠首沉沙后,再经惠民、东营、潍坊和青岛的10个县区约253km的明渠输送,到达唠山县棘洪滩蓄水库蓄存,实现向青岛市日供水3.0×10~5m~3。明渠输水过程中,来白沿线的营养物质会污染水体,加之输水在库中滞留时间长,会不会发生富营养化,这是社会普遍关注的问题。     

猪胃螺杆样细菌与幽门螺杆菌的比较研究

我们检测１０例普通猪的胄组织,有８例分离到螺杆菌样细菌（ＨＬＯ）。其菌落、菌体形态和某些生化反应与幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）相似,但其尿素酶活性较低,ＨＬＯ全菌蛋白的ＳＤＳ一ｐＡＧＥ图谱也与ＨＰ的不同。本文就ＨＰ和ＨＬＯ及其伴发的人、猪慢性胃炎的特点,作了比较和讨论。     

A data-driven framework to model the organism–environment system

Organisms modify their development and function in response to the environment. At the same time, the environment is modified by the activities of the organism. Despite the ubiquity of such dynamical interactions in nature, it remains challenging to develop models that accurately represent them, and that can be fitted using data. These features are desirable when modeling phenomena such as phenotypic plasticity, to generate quantitative predictions of how the system will respond to environmental signals of different magnitude or at different times, for example, during ontogeny. Here, we explain a modeling framework that represents the organism and environment as a single coupled dynamical system in terms of inputs and outputs. Inputs are external signals, and outputs are measurements of the system in time. The framework uses time-series data of inputs and outputs to fit a nonlinear black-box model that allows to predict how the system will respond to novel input signals. The framework has three key properties: it captures the dynamical nature of the organism–environment system, it can be fitted with data, and it can be applied without detailed knowledge of the system. We study phenotypic plasticity using in silico experiments and demonstrate that the framework predicts the response to novel environmental signals. The framework allows us to model plasticity as a dynamical property that changes in time during ontogeny, reflecting the well-known fact that organisms are more or less plastic at different developmental stages.     

Benomyl Tolerance of Ten Fungi Antagonistic to Plant-parasitic Nematodes

Ten strains of fungi were tested for tolerance to the fungicide benomyl. Verticillium chlamydosporium strain 2 did not grow in the presence of benomyl; Drechraeria coniospora strains 1 and 2 and Chaetomium sp. tolerated only 0.1 μg benomyl/ml medium; Acremonium bacillisporum, an unidentified fungus, and Phoma chrysanthemicola uniformly grew at 1 μg/ml, but some hyphae grew at higher benomyl concentrations; Fusarium sp. tolerated 475 μg/ml, but some hyphae grew on medium amended with 1,000 μg/ml; Verticillium lecanii and V. chlamydosporium strain 1 routinely tolerated 1,000 μg/ml. Fungi generally grew more slowly at higher than at lower benomyl concentrations. Strains with elevated tolerance to benomyl were selected from Acremonium bacillisporum, Drechmeria coniospora, Fusarium sp., and an unidentified fungus. These strains retained the increased tolerance after repeated transfers on unamended medium.     

莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年9月到2018年1月期间我院收治的90例MDR-TB患者,根据乱数表法将患者分为研究组(n=45)、对照组(n=45),其中对照组给予左氧氟沙星联合常规化疗治疗,研究组则给予莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗,比较两组临床疗效、痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率、血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能,记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗18个月后的临床总有效率为71.11%(32/45),高于对照组的46.67%(21/45)(P0.05)。研究组治疗18个月后痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率均较对照组高(P0.05)。两组患者治疗18个月后CD4+、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)均升高,CD8+降低(P0.05),研究组治疗18个月后CD4+、Ig A、Ig G高于对照组,而CD8+低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗18个月后缬氨酸、谷氨酸均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者总不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗MDR-TB的疗效确切,可有效改善患者血清游离氨基酸水平,提高机体免疫功能,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different types of seafood in Selangor,Malaysia

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that may cause gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of seafood contaminated with this microorganism. The emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria is another serious public health threat worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility test of V. parahaemolyticus in blood clams, shrimps, surf clams, and squids were determined. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood was 85.71% (120/140), consisting of 91.43% (32/35) in blood clam, 88.57% (31/35) in shrimps, 82.86% (29/35) in surf clams, and 80% (28/35) in squids. The majority of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the seafood samples were found to be susceptible to most antibiotics except ampicillin, cefazolin, and penicillin. The MAR indices of V. parahaemolyticus isolates ranged from 0.04 to 0.71 and about 90.83% of isolates were found resistant to more than one antibiotic. The high prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and multidrug-resistant isolates detected in this study could pose a potential risk to human health and hence appropriate control methods should be in place to minimize the potential contamination and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.     

耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况调查及与应对方式、社会支持的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况的影响因素,分析其及与应对方式、社会支持的相关性。方法：选择2018年4月至2020年5月我院诊治的101例耐多药肺结核患者作为观察组,选择同期99例敏感肺结核患者作为对照组。两组均测评症状自评量表-90(SCL-90)评分、医学应对问卷(MCMQ)评分以及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评分,分析SCL-90总评分与MCMQ各因子评分、SSRS总评分的相关性,采用Logistic回归模型分析心理健康状况的影响因素。结果：与对照组相比,观察组的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖和精神病性评分以及总评分明显提高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组的面对评分、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度评分以及总评分均降低（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,SCL-90总评分与MCMQ评分中的回避和屈服评分呈正相关性（r=0.386、0.311,均P<0.05）,SCL-90总评分与SSRS总评分呈负相关（r=-0.332,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,经济状况差、躯体健康状况差、病情严重、睡眠质量差和生活满意度低是耐多药肺结核患者心理健康不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况差,应对方式选择面对较少,总体社会支持水平较低,患者的心理健康状况与应对方式、社会支持存在一定的相关性。在提供躯体性治疗的基础上,应结合患者的心理健康状况及相关危险因素给予适当干预。     

环状RNA及其在生态毒理学研究中的应用进展

环状RNA（circular RNAs,circRNAs）是一类共价闭合环状非编码RNA,具有进化上保守、结构上稳定、组织特异性表达等特点。CircRNAs可作为miRNAs海绵影响其对基因的调控,还可与RNA结合蛋白（RNA binding proteins,RBPs）相互作用,也有研究表明某些circRNAs还具有被翻译成蛋白质的潜能。CircRNAs已被证实对某些疾病具有特异性、稳定性和调节功能,如癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病等,其可作为潜在的诊断、预后生物标志物和治疗靶点。最近,有研究发现circRNAs参与了环境化学污染物诱导的毒性效应发生及发展的过程。目前,生态毒理学研究中评价环境化学污染物和毒效应之间关系的毒性终点通常会受遗传多态性和表观遗传学影响,考虑到经环境化学污染物暴露后生物体内circRNAs差异性表达的现象,或许在生态毒理学研究中circRNAs也有作为生物标志物的可能性。基于此,对circRNAs的生物合成与降解、生物学功能、分析方法及其目前在生态毒理学研究中的应用展开综述,并对其作为分子生物标志物在环境污染物暴露早期诊断和生态风险评价中的应用进行了展望,以期为生态毒理学研究和环境风险评价提供参考。     

Conspecific density and environmental complexity impact behaviour of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri)

Fish models are essential for research in many biological and medical disciplines. With a typical lifespan of only 6 months, the Turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) was recently established as a time- and cost-efficient model to facilitate whole-life and multigenerational studies in several research fields, including behavioural ecotoxicology. Essential information on the behavioural norm and on how laboratory conditions affect behaviour, however, is deficient. In the current study, we examined the impact of the social and structural environment on a broad spectrum of behavioural endpoints in N. furzeri. While structural enrichment affected only fish boldness and exploratory behaviour, fish rearing density affected the total body length, locomotor activity, boldness, aggressiveness and feeding behaviour of N. furzeri individuals. Overall, these results contribute to compiling a behavioural baseline for N. furzeri that increases the applicability of this new model species. Furthermore, our findings will fuel the development of improved husbandry protocols to maximize the welfare of N. furzeri in a laboratory setting.