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1.
Masayuki Nakamichi Fumiaki Cho Tetsuhiro Minami 《Primates; journal of primatology》1990,31(2):213-224
This study documents age-related changes in the interactions of wild-born cynomolgus macaque mothers and their infants living
in individual cages during the first 14 weeks of infant life. Body contact between mother and infant, maternal holding, and
infant sucking were found to decrease, and the mothers showed an increased frequency of aggression toward their infants with
age. These results were broadly similar to those reported for mother-infant interactions in other macaques living in social
groups. Nevertheless, a clear difference between the present cynomolgus macaques and other macaques in social groups was apparent.
The cynomolgus macaque mothers tended to permit their infants to move about freely without displaying maternal protectiveness
such as restraint or retrieval, unlike other macaque mothers in social groups. Such maternal behaviors might derive from the
experience of living in individual cages for many years and the relative safety of living in individual cages. The lack of
maternal restraint and retrieval could be responsible for the observed sex differences in behavior: male infants moved more
actively, and broke, and made contact with their mothers more frequently than did female infants. Moreover, mothers of female
infants held and groomed them more frequently and were less aggressive toward them. 相似文献
2.
圈养林麝母幼关系的初步研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
本文研究圈养林麝(Moschusmoshiferusberezovskii)的母幼关系。林麝的母幼关系属于典型的隐蔽者(hider)类型。母幼分开躺卧,相距20.37±11.06m。吮乳时间、母幼联系时间、母幼联系时间/幼麝活动总时间随周龄的增加均呈明显的下降。4周龄前,幼麝躺卧居多,母麝以叫声主动联系幼麝,5周龄开始幼麝独立程度逐渐提高。听觉和视觉通讯是母幼远距离通讯的主要方式。 相似文献
3.
Caretaker-infant attachment is a complex but well-recognized adaptation in humans. An early instance of (or precursor to)
attachment behavior is the dyadic interaction between adults and infants of 6 to 24 weeks, commonly called "babytalk." Detailed
analysis of 1 minute of spontaneous babytalk with an 8-week infant shows that the poetic texture of the mother’s speech—specifically
its use of metrics, phonetics, and foregrounding—helps to shape and direct the baby’s attention, as it also coordinates the
partners’ emotional communication. We hypothesize that the ability to respond to poetic features of language is present as
early as the first few weeks of life and that this ability attunes cognitive and affective capacities in ways that provide
a foundation for the skills at work in later aesthetic production and response. By linking developmental social processes
with formal cognitive aspects of art, we challenge predominant views in evolutionary psychology that literary art is a superfluous
byproduct of adaptive evolutionary mechanisms or primarily an ornament created by sexual selection.
David S. Miall is Professor of English at the University of Alberta in Canada. He is the author of essays on British Romantic
writers, empirical studies of readers’ responses to literature, hypertext and literary computing. Ellen Dissanayake is Visiting
Scholar at the Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities, University of Washington. Her most recent book is Art and Intimacy: How the Arts Began (2000). 相似文献
4.
Regina M. Sullivan Margo S. Landers Jennifer Flemming Cara Vaught Theresa A. Young H. Jonathan Polan 《Somatosensory & motor research》2013,30(2):157-162
The present series of experiments assessed how information from the whiskers controls and modulates infant rat behavior during early learning and attachment. Passive vibrissal stimulation can elicit behavioral activity in pups throughout the first two postnatal weeks, although orienting to the source of stimulation is evident only after ontogenetic emergence of whisking. In addition, while pups were capable of demonstrating learning in a classical conditioning paradigm pairing vibrissa stimulation with electric shock, no corresponding changes were detected in the anatomy of the barrel cortex as determined by cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. Finally, the role of whiskers in a more naturalistic setting was determined in postnatal day (PN)3-5 and PN11-12 pups. Our results showed that both nipple attachment and huddling were disrupted in whisker-clipped PN3-5 pups but only marginally altered in PN11-12 pups. Together, these results suggest that the neonatal whisker system is behaviorally functional and relevant for normal mother-infant interactions, though it lacks the sophistication of a mature whisker system that evokes very specific and directed responses. 相似文献
5.
Masayuki Nakamichi Tetsuhiro Minami Fumiaki Cho 《Primates; journal of primatology》1996,37(2):155-166
In this study we compared mother-female infant interactions between primiparous and multiparous laboratory-born (F1) cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in individual cages at Tsukuba Primate Center (TPC), Japan, during the first 14 weeks of infant life. We also compared interactions
between multiparousF1 mothers and their female infants with those between wild-born mothers and their female infants when mothers and their infants
were housed in the same individual cages. PrimiparousF1 mothers showed significantly higher values for contact with and holding of their infants than multiparousF1 mothers. The primiparousF1 mothers also tended to behave aggressively toward their infants when the latter did not show any obviously irritating behaviors.
Thus, the primiparousF1 mothers seemed to be inconsistent in terms of maternal behavior. Compared with multiparous wild-born mothers, multiparousF1 mothers moved more frequently, held their infants less frequently and acted aggressively toward their infants less frequently.
However, infants ofF1 mothers, as well as infants of wild-born mothers, interacted with their mothers through approaching and playful contact with
them. These findings indicate that the attitude of multiparousF1 mothers toward their infants was relatively passive. Possible reasons for the passive maternal style of multiparousF1 mothers are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Frans B. M. de Waal 《Primates; journal of primatology》1990,31(4):597-600
Rhesus mothers (Macaca mulatta) may hold their own infant together with the infant of another female in a so-called double-hold. This behavior was observed
240 times in 23 individual females in two independent captive groups. Approximately nine out of ten times, the second infant
was from a dominant matriline. It is suggested that females try to promote future association between their own offspring
and high-ranking youngsters. 相似文献
7.
麋鹿幼仔一周龄内的活动观察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对麋鹿幼仔(4雄、6雌)在初生一周龄内的活动进行了观察。结果表明,仔鹿白天大部分时间皆藏卧于隐蔽处,与鹿群呈隔离状态,其活动行为主要表现为求乳、运动、跟随或躲避等。初生仔鹿具有接近和跟随亲生母鹿的本能,在5日龄内其大部分活动都处在亲生母鹿的监护下,属伴随型;至6—7日龄后,仔鹿可随母鹿进入鹿群活动。 相似文献
8.
母婴纽带是灵长类社群中最为稳固和重要的社会关系之一,雌性对后代的照料行为是其繁殖投入的一种形式,但雌性对死亡后代的照料不但没有回报,甚至还可能影响其后续繁殖,然而在许多灵长类中却存在母亲对死亡后代的携带和照料行为。本研究于2013年10月至2014年06月采用焦点动物取样法和全事件记录法观察和记录了4例秦岭川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)母亲携带和照料死婴行为,以期探讨影响秦岭川金丝猴死婴携带和照料行为的相关因素,为死婴携带和照料行为的相关假说提供数据支持。研究表明携带死婴的雌性均表现出紧张和悲伤的情绪,并存在针对死婴的理毛和嗅吻等行为;死婴的年龄、腐烂与否都不影响雌性携带和照料的时间;出现于交配末期的死婴,雌性对其携带和照料时间变短,这可能有利于雌性进入新的繁殖状态;结合栖息地食物物候和死婴的体重,发现雌性对死婴的携带和照料受到能量成本的限制。 相似文献
9.
Quantitative data on early mother-infant relationships in the Tibetan macaque was collected during the first 23 weeks of infant
life in spring, 1987, at Mt. Emei, China. During the first week of life, infants spent 98.3% of their time in ventroventral
contact with their mothers. This contact rapidly decreased to 33.8% by the 4th week and thereafter to 0.85% by the 23rd week.
Nipple contact decreased relatively slowly from 89.7% to 62.9% within the first 4 weeks of infant life and to 19.8% by the
23rd week. Ventrolateral and ventrodorsal contact appeared by the 2nd week, meanwhile, maternal restraining behavior appeared,
and reached a peak by the 3rd week. The mother neither encouraged nor discouraged her infant's independence during 4–8th weeks.
Maternal rejection of the infant was first observed when the infant was 11 weeks old and continued thereafter. 相似文献
10.
Ichirou Tanaka 《Primates; journal of primatology》1989,30(4):477-491
Mother-infant relationships were studied during the infant's first year in free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Three possible factors controlling the mother-infant relationships were examined using multivariate analysis. Parity was
determined to exert the strongest influence on mother-infant relationships. Specifically, during month 1, multiparous mothers
showed greater maternal suckling rejection than primiparous mothers, and primparae and multiparae differed in their responses
to suckling behavior. During month 6, multiparous mothers prompted independence of their offspring more than primiparous mothers.
By month 8, however, parity differences in maternal behavior were substantially reduced. Maternal rank was a less important
factor, although during month 1, high-ranking mothers showed greater maternal restriction than low-ranking ones. In the present
study, infant gender appeared to have no effect on mother-infant relationships. That most differences were due to parity indicates
that mother-infant relations were largely determined by the mothers. This observation conflicts with the “learning-to-mother”
hypothesis. Allo-mothering of neonates by nulliparae is rare among Japanese macaques. Primiparous mothers learned appropriate
suckling care from handling their own infants. 相似文献