三种蜘蛛酯酶同工酶的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对狼蛛科的拟水狼蛛、蟹蛛科的三突花蛛和肖蛸科的鳞纹肖蛸3种蜘蛛的酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同科的蜘蛛酯酶同工酶种问差异性大并有着明显的种簇特异性,推测它们的酯酶同工酶酶谱中的区带组受不同的基因位点控制,且各自的基因位点数不等;同种蜘蛛的雌蛛和雄蛛之间也有各自的酯酶同工酶谱型,但差异小,其控制基因位点大体相同。这样,我们从分子的水平上讨论了酯酶同工酶的差异性可以用来作为识别物种的附加指标。     

三突花蛛捕食速度的初步研究

本文研究了三突花蛛Misumenops tricuspidatus在不同条件下对果蝇的捕食速度.结果表明,蜘蛛的捕食速度与蜘蛛的步足长度、身体长度无关,而与性别、温度、饥饿程度有显著关系.25 ℃为三突花蛛捕食的最适温度,14 ℃和34 ℃即温度过低或过高时,它的捕食速度显著减慢;三突花蛛在饥饿3～4 d时的捕食速度最快;雄蛛的捕食速度显著大于雌蛛.蜘蛛的共存,如雌蛛-雌蛛、雄蛛-雄蛛、雌蛛-雄蛛共存,对捕食的速度也存在着一定的影响:2雄蛛共存时,各自的捕食速度显著减慢;2雌蛛共存时,各自的捕食速度变化不显著;1雌蛛1雄蛛共存时,雌蛛的捕食速度降低不显著,而雄蛛的捕食速度显著降低.     

Pollinators as mediators of top-down effects on plants

This paper explores the idea that predators may disrupt plant–pollinator relationships and consequently inhibit reproduction in flowering plants. Amidst growing evidence that predators influence plant–pollinator interactions, I suggest that such pollinator‐mediated indirect effects may be a common feature of terrestrial communities, with implications for research into top‐down effects and pollination ecology. Experimental evidence of such an effect from a riparian system in northern California is provided, where crab spiders decreased seed production in inflorescences of the invasive plant Leucanthemum vulgare by reducing the frequency and duration of floral visits by pollinating insects.     

三突花蛛对茶小绿叶蝉的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究

在室内条件下,测定结果表明三突花株亚成蛛对茶小绿叶蝉若虫及成虫的日捕食量分别为１８．３头／ｄ,１７．３头／ｄ,对成虫的功能反应曲线可用ＨＯｌｌｎｇ圆盘方程模拟：Ｎａ＝１．０５５８６Ｎｔ／（１＋０．０１３６５／Ｎｔ）自身密度反应用Ｈａｓｓｅｌ－Ｖａｒｌｅｙ模型拟合,Ｅ＝０．５１７Ｐ＾－０．６５６７,经Ｘ＾２检验,以上各方程理论值与实际值误差不显著（〈Ｐ０．１０）。温度（Ｔ）对功能反应的影响可用以下方     

稻田生态系统中3种蜘蛛对白背飞虱的捕食效应研究

应用 二次正交旋转组合设计方法,对稻田生态系统中３种捕食性天敌（三突花蛛Ｍｉｓｕｍｅｎｏｐｓ ｔｒｉｃｕｓｐｉｄａｔａ（Ｔａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ）、草间钻头蛛Ｈｙｌｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｃｏｒａ（Ｓｕｎｄｅｖａｌｌ）、真水狼蛛Ｐｉｒａｔａ ｐｉｒａｔｉｃｕｓ（Ｃｌｅｒｋ）和１种害虫（白背飞虱Ｓｏｇａｔｅｌｌａ ｆｕｒｃｉｆｅｒａ（Ｈｏｒｖａｔｈ）的共存系统进行研究,获得了天敌对害虫控制作用的数     

香港蜘蛛数新种记述

记述采自我国香港的5种蜘蛛新种:圆颚蛛科Corinnidae的香港纯蛛Cas-tianeira hongkong sp.nov.,逍遥蛛科Philodromidae的香港狼逍遥蛛Thanatus hongkong sp.nov.,蟹蛛科Thomisidae的香港微蟹蛛Lysiteles hongkong sp.nov.,香港花蛛Misumenopshongkong sp.nov.和新界花蛛Misumenops xinjie sp.nov.。     

Engineering Enemy-free Space: An Invasive Pest that Kills its Predators

The biological invasion of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata, into French Polynesia presents a novel threat to Pacific Island ecosystems. Widely known as an agricultural pest because of its role as a vector of numerous lethal plant diseases, H. coagulata may pose a substantial and immediate risk to arthropod predators on invaded islands in French Polynesia. Controlled feeding experiments revealed that island spiders can be killed following predation on H. coagulata. Spider mortality appeared to result from lethal intoxication, although no form of chemical defense has been reported in H. coagulata. In the two spider species tested, approximately half of all individuals that attacked H. coagulata nymphs or adults died. As populations of this insect increase in size and range on invaded islands in French Polynesia, H. coagulata will increasingly encounter these and other arthropod predators, raising the possibility of population-level impacts on susceptible predator species. Field surveys of island spiders across nine sites on H. coagulata-invaded and H. coagulata-uninvaded islands suggest that this insect may already have adversely impacted an endemic spider on at least one island. Work is needed to identify the nature of the lethal agent harbored within H. coagulata and the taxonomic and geographic breadth of predators vulnerable to it. The generality of H. coagulata-lethality and the capacity of afflicted predator species for population-level adaptation or learned avoidance in response to this spreading pest will determine the magnitude of the threat H. coagulata poses in the South Pacific.     

Interspecific interactions in a tri-trophic arthropod system: effects of a spider on the survival of larvae of three predatory ladybirds in relation to aphids

The effects of the crab spider, Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabricius), on the larval survival of three ladybird species, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Coccinella septempunctata L., and Propylea japonica L., in relation to aphids were investigated in the laboratory. Predation by the spider on the three ladybird species differed. All the larvae of C. septempunctata, none of H. axyridis, and an intermediate number of P. japonica were attacked and eaten by the spider. All the larvae of H. axyridis suffered mortality due to cannibalism or starvation in the treatments with and without a spider. In case of C. septempunctata, however, mortality in the early instars was significantly greater in the treatment with a spider than without a spider and no larvae developed into pupae due to predation. In the treatment without a spider, the majority of the larvae in the former treatment suffered mortality due to cannibalism or starvation, and only 13.3% of larvae developed into the adult stage. In the case of P. japonica, mortality was mainly attributed to predation in the treatment with a spider and only 26.7% became adult. In comparison, 86.7% of larvae survived to the adult stage in the treatment without a spider. In addition, in both H. axyridis and C. septempunctata, the development of young larvae was significantly slower in the presence of a spider, but this was not the case with the older larvae of H. axyridis, which indicates that the effect of the spider on larval development changed with the developmental stage of the larvae in this species. However, the spider had no significant effect on the developmental time of P. japonica larvae. Although both the spider and the ladybirds significantly affected the number of aphids, they did not have an additive effect on aphid abundance. The interactions between the spider and the ladybirds, such as intraguild predation or competition, caused them to reduce aphid population density less than the ladybirds did on their own. The effect of the spider on the larval performance of three predatory ladybirds was found to be unequal in terms of their vulnerability to predation and rate of larval development and it depended on the species and developmental stage of the ladybird.     

食物对三突花蛛生长发育的影响 Ⅱ.食物对三突花蛛营养指标的影响

研究不同食物对三突花蛛相对生长率(RGR)、相对取食量(RCR)、食物利用率(ECI)的影响。结果表明,三突花蛛各龄相对生长率以取食混合食物为高,取食单一食物为低。各龄相对取食量对棉铃虫和果蝇较高,对摇蚊则较低,食物利用率则以对摇蚊的利用率为最高,对棉铃虫和果蝇的利用率较低。     

食物中某些营养组分对三突花蛛生长发育的影响

研究食中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、总糖、铁、磷以及水等营养组分含量对三突花蛛相对取食量（RCR）和食物利用率（ECI）的影响,并建立这些组分对三突花蛛相对取食量和食物利用率的线性数学模型。