含金地质体表生带中主要微生物类群的研究

通过对16个含金矿区主要微生物类群的分布、生态结构的研究,发现不同类型的金矿具有不同的微生物类群.金矿矿石与金矿酸水中的自养硫细菌和异养菌分布具有明显差异,酸性水中含自养硫细菌较多,含异养菌极少;金矿氧化带中的异氧菌一般多于自氧硫细菌,其优势菌以芽孢杆菌属中蜡状芽孢杆菌为主.研究结果揭示了金矿中存在的主要微生物类群,对阐明表生金的形成、成岩和蚀变作用具有一定的意义,对发掘生物湿法冶金菌种资源具有重要作用.     

不同起源格氏栲林分下土壤微生物生态分布的初步研究

本文研究了福建三明小湖天然起源和人工起源的格氏栲林下土壤微生物的生态分布。两种起源的格氏栲林下土壤微生物中细菌占绝对优势,人工林芽孢杆菌所占细菌总数比例远大于天然林;天然林微生物总数、细菌、真菌以及固氮菌等生理类群的数量均高于人工林,而且,随着坡位的下降表现为由低至高的递增趋势。青霉和木霉是土壤真菌的优势种属,链霉菌属中的白色类群和黄色类群构成了土壤放线菌的主要组分,但在天然林中的数量明显低于人工林。     

麻微生物脱胶菌株初筛

采用遥瓶直接脱胶结合平板透明圈分离法,可有效分离出有一定脱胶能力的菌株,减少分离工作盲目性。我们获得的几株野生菌株,能在较长的时间内,将苎麻纤维脱胶至“白而软”。     

Improvement of the production of a red pigment in Penicillium sp. HSD07B synthesized during co-culture with Candida tropicalis

Co-culture of Penicillium sp. HSD07B and Candida tropicalis resulted in the production of a red pigment consisting of six components as determined by TLC and HPLC. The pigment showed no acute toxicity in mice and was mot mutagenic in the Ames test. The pigment was stable between pH 2 and 10 and temperatures of 10-100 °C and exhibited good photo-stability and resistance to oxidization by hydrogen peroxide and reduction by Na₂SO₃. Glucose and ratio of C. tropicalis to strain HSD07B (w/w) in the inoculum were the important factors influencing production of the pigment. Under optimized conditions, a pigment yield of 2.75 and 7.7 g/l was obtained in a shake-flask and a 15 l bioreactor, respectively. Thus, co-culture of strain HSD07B and C. tropicalis is a promising way to produce a red pigment potentially useful for coloring applications.     

Probiotic (symbiotic) bacterial languages

Symbiotic gut microorganisms release of various soluble low molecular weight (LMW)molecules of different chemical nature (surface and exogenous proteins, nucleases, serpins, sirtuines, other enzymes, lectins, peptides, amines, bacteriocines, fatty and amino acids, lactones, furanons, miRNA, NO, etc). These LMW molecules are able to sense environment, interact with corresponding cell surface, membrane, cytoplasm and nucleic acid receptors, to reply quickly and coordinately by induction of special sets of genes, to support stability of host genome and microbiome, to modulate epigenomic regulation of gene phenotypic expression, to ensure the information exchange in numerous bacterial and bacteria-host systems playing an important role in the control for many genetic and physiological functions, biochemical and behaviour reactions, in supporting host health in general. Various symbiotic (probiotic) strains produce different spectrum of such LMW molecules. There is chemical and functional similarity between LMW molecules synthesized by host eukaryotic cells, indigenous and probiotic microorganisms and some micronutrients. It means many LMW compounds of different origin may be the universal regulators contributing to the transmission of information, quorum sensing effects, metagenome stability and epigenomic control for cell growth and development as well as phenotypic expression of different genes. Knowledge accumulated concerning molecular languages of symbiotic microorganisms allows us to better understand the mode of action of known probiotics and to design in principle novel probiotics (metabiotics) with increased health effectiveness. Now we are only at the beginning of a new era of molecular personal biotherapy and nutrition. Soon we can successfully manipulate both the host and its microbiota through interfering in their cross talk, stability and epigenomic regulation of expression of genes using various types of eukaryotic, prokaryotic and nutrition origin LMW molecules are capable to modulate genetic, metabolic and physiological activities.     

草酸青霉BZH-2002产果胶酶特性研究

对草酸青霉菌（Penixillium oxalicum）BZH-2002菌株固体发酵果胶酶的特性及浸提条件进行了研究,确定其最佳产酶时期为72—92h,利用干物质量最快的时期为24—72h发酵产酶期间培养基介质中pH值呈“V”字形变化。该菌株以甜菜渣、葵花盘为碳源,以（NH）2SO4为氮源时产酶率最高,分别高达4．33万和4．56万U／g干物质,（NH4）2SO4最佳用量0．9g/10g甜菜渣。此外,浸提方法对果胶酶产率也有一定影响,1％NaCl作为浸提液的效果最好,最佳浸提时间1h,浸提温度25—40℃。     

利用微生物及微生物农药杀灭钉螺的初步研究

从洞庭湖血吸虫疫区土壤中分离出两种微生物 :紫红链霉菌Streptomycesviolaceoruber和自养黄色杆菌Xan thobacterautotrophics,将两菌进行培养 ,用稀释 10 0 0倍的培养液杀螺 ,结果表明 :处理 72h后 ,对钉螺的杀螺率分别为90 %、85 % ;BT生物杀虫剂、科诺特杀螟 5 5 %杀苏可性湿粉剂、科诺蔬丹 1.5 %苏阿可湿性粉剂、科诺千胜BT杀虫剂、华戎号 1.5 %甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸乳液 ,均稀释 10 0 0倍进行杀螺实验 ,结果发现含阿维菌素的微生物农药杀螺效果较好 (95 %— 10 0 % ) ,华戎号在 4 8— 72h之间其杀螺率均为 10 0 % ,而含BT的微生物农药杀螺效果相对较差(70 %— 95 % )。将微生物农药喷洒土壤进行的杀螺实验。结果表明 ,华戎号的杀螺效果较好 ,处理 4 8h后 ,杀螺率为 10 0 % ,千分之一的五酚钠溶液为对照杀螺剂 ,其杀螺率为 10 0 %。清水对照液的杀螺率为 0 %。     

一种灭菌供暖供湿干燥装置

目的是提供一种理想的微生物培养室使用的灭菌供暖供温干燥装置。该装置由炉体(5)和灭菌干燥系统,包括鼓风机(1)、吸气管(13)、进气管(2)、受热管(3)、出气管(4);供温系统,包括水锅(6)、水锅进气管(7)、出汽管(8)、控制阀(9);燃烧系统包括出烟筒(10)、灶门(11),4大部分组成。结构简单、实用。     

Glutathione and plant response to the biotic environment

Glutathione (GSH) is a major antioxidant molecule in plants. It is involved in regulating plant development and responses to the abiotic and biotic environment. In recent years, numerous reports have clarified the molecular processes involving GSH in plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we summarize recent studies, highlighting the roles of GSH in interactions between plants and microbes, whether pathogenic or beneficial to plants.