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Endothelial cells in vivo are constantly exposed to shear associated with blood flow and altered shear stress elicits cellular
responses (mechanotransduction). This review describes the role of shear sensors and signal transducers in these events. The
major focus is the response to removal of shear as occurs when blood flow is compromised (i.e., ischemia). Pulmonary ischemia
studied with the isolated murine lung or flow adapted pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro results in endothelial
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO. The response requires caveolae and is initiated by endothelial cell depolarization
via KATP channel closure followed by activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and NO synthase (eNOS), signaling through MAP kinases, and
endothelial cell proliferation. These physiological mediators can promote vasodilation and angiogenesis as compensation for
decreased tissue perfusion. 相似文献
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Physical and biophysical mechanisms of mechano-sensitivity of cell membranes are reviewed. The possible roles of the lipid matrix and of the cytoskeleton in membrane mechanoreception are discussed. Techniques for generation of static strains and dynamic curvatures of membrane patches are considered. A unified model for stress-activated and stress-inactivated ion channels under static strains is described. A review of work on stress-sensitive pores in lipid-peptide model membranes is presented. The possible role of flexoelectricity in mechano-electric transduction, e.g. in auditory receptors is discussed. Studies of flexoelectricity in model lipid membranes, lipid-peptide membranes and natural membranes containing ion channels are reviewed. Finally, possible applications in molecular electronics of mechanosensors employing some of the recognized principles of mechano-electric transduction in natural membranes are discussed.Abbreviations BLM
Layer lipid membrane
- SAC
stress-activated channel
- SIC
stress-inactivated channel
- MCYST
microcystin-LR
- DPhL
diphytanoyl lecithin
- CME
condenser microphone effect
Dedicated to Professor Alexander Derzhanski on the occasion of his 60th birthday
Correspondence to: A. G. Petrov 相似文献
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