排序方式: 共有2条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1
1.
Freeze cleaving electron microscopy has shown that fusion of isolated secretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophyses was induced by Ca2+ in micromolar concentrations. Mg2+ and Sr2+ were ineffective. Mg2+ inhibited Ca2+-induced fusion.In suspensions containing secretory vesicles as well as sheets of cell membrane, release of vasopressin parallel to intervesicular fusion of secretory vesicles with sheets of cell membrane was observed after exposure to Ca2+. Mg2+ and Sr2+ were ineffective in replacing Ca2+ as trigger for fusion or vasopressin release.Intervesicular fusion and exocytotic profiles were observed when isolated neurohypophyses or neurosecretosome were exposed to cold. 相似文献
2.
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) can be traced from Roman times through persons who noted a morning acid taste of some common
house plants. From India in 1815, Benjamin-Heyne described a `daily acid taste cycle' with some succulent garden plants. Recent
work has shown that the nocturnally formed acid is decarboxylated during the day to become the CO2 for photosynthesis. Thus, CAM photosynthesis extends over a 24-hour day using several daily interlocking cycles. To understand
CAM photosynthesis, several landmark discoveries were made at the following times: daily reciprocal acid and carbohydrate
cycles were found during 1870 to 1887; their precise identification, as malic acid and starch, and accurate quantification
occurred from 1940 to 1954; diffusive gas resistance methods were introduced in the early 1960s that led to understanding
the powerful stomatal control of daily gas exchanges; C4 photosynthesis in two different types of cells was discovered from 1965 to ∼1974 and the resultant information was used to
elucidate the day and night portions of CAM photosynthesis in one cell; and exceptionally high internal green tissue CO2 levels, 0.2 to 2.5%, upon the daytime decarboxylation of malic acid, were discovered in 1979. These discoveries then were
combined with related information from C3 and C4 photosynthesis, carbon biochemistry, cellular anatomy, and ecological physiology. Therefore by ∼1980, CAM photosynthesis
finally was rigorously outlined. In a nutshell, 24-hour CAM occurs by phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase fixing CO2(HCO3
−) over the night to form malic acid that is stored in plant cell vacuoles. While stomata are tightly closed the following
day, malic acid is decarboxylated releasing CO2 for C3 photosynthesis via ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco). The CO2 acceptor, PEP, is formed via glycolysis at night from starch or other stored carbohydrates and after decarboxylation the
three carbons are restored each day. In mid to late afternoon the stomata can open and mostly C3 photosynthesis occurs until darkness. CAM photo-synthesis can be both inducible and constitutive and is known in 33 families
with an estimated 15 to 20 000 species. CAM plants express the most plastic and tenacious photosynthesis known in that they
can switch photosynthesis pathways and they can live and conduct photosynthesis for years even in the virtual absence of external
H2O and CO2, i.e., CAM tenaciously protects its photosynthesis from both H2O and CO2 stresses.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
1