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1.
Management of a harem breeding colony of rhesus monkeys to reduce trauma-related morbidity and mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M J Kessler W T London R G Rawlins J Gonzalez H S Martinez J Sanchez 《Journal of medical primatology》1985,14(2):91-98
A management procedure was developed for a harem breeding colony of rhesus monkeys to reduce trauma-related injuries and deaths resulting from the periodic removal of pregnant monkeys for research and their subsequent return to the population. Lower morbidity and mortality rates, a reduced mean conception interval, and a higher mean conception rate occurred when monkeys were maintained in permanent harems to which returning females were reintroduced compared to new social groups formed from aggregates of unfamiliar animals. 相似文献
2.
G. Gray Eaton Deanne F. Johnson Barbara B. Glick Julie M. Worlein 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(2):141-150
We have quantitatively documented the development of sex differences in the behavior of juvenile Japanese macaques (1 to 2
years of age). Mothers treated their offspring differently by sex, i.e., mothers of males broke contact with them more frequently
than did mothers of females. Juvenile males played more, and mounted other macaques more frequently; juvenile females groomed
their mothers more and were also punished by other group members more frequently than were males. Males showed a pattern of
decreasing interactions with their mothers, but females increased the frequency of their maternal interactions. These patterns
appear to presage the life histories of the sexes. However, comparisons with other species of nonhuman primates indicate that
although sex differences in behavior are common, the variability among species severely limits cross-specific generalizations. 相似文献
3.
Kenji Hayasaka Yoshi Kawamoto Takayoshi Shotake Ken Nozawa 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(1):103-114
We calculated the probability of paternity exclusion (P) in 6 troops of rhesus and Japanese macaques housed in open enclosures and 68 wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque
macaques using 33 genetic loci which encoded the blood protein variations detected by electrophoretic techniques. In the open
enclosures, especially of rhesus troops, we obtained a fairly high probability of paternity exclusion and succeeded in determining
the fathers of offspring. However, we found significant differences between the observed and calculated probabilities in most
of the troops. These differences were ascribed to a situation whereby the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium had not been attained
in the troops and/or the numbers of variable loci were too small. In the wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque macaques,
the means ofP were 0.2274 (0.0192–0.5017), 0.4635 (0.1676–0.7151), and 0.7382 (0.6266–0.7954), respectively. We also estimated the number
of loci needed to determine the fathers of offspring with a probability of 0.8 assuming that ten males were present in the
troop. The estimated number was about 13.5 times, 5 times and 1.8 times the number of loci examined on average in the troops
of Japanese, crab-eating and toque macaques, respectively. This means that determination of most of the fathers of offspring
in wild troops of these macaques, even of toque macaques which have a rather high probability of paternity exclusion, is difficult
so long as we employ only electrophoretic techniques. 相似文献
4.
S L Monfort S Jayaraman S E Shideler B L Lasley A G Hendrickx 《Journal of medical primatology》1986,15(1):17-26
Investigations were undertaken to determine the applicability of recently reported specific radioimmunoassays for urinary estrone conjugates and progesterone metabolites for monitoring ovarian function in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fasciularis) and other macaque species. Mean estrone conjugate measurements appear to accurately reflect the preovulatory estrogen peak in both conceptive (n = 5) and nonconceptive (n = 6) cycles, as well as to indicate early pregnancy through increases which are significantly elevated by Day + 15 (p less than 0.049) post estrone conjugates peak. The mean luteal phase levels of these progesterone metabolites are significantly elevated by Day + 14 (p less than 0.012) in conceptive cycles when compared to the mean values for nonconceptive cycles. 相似文献
5.
W. W. Socha J. Moor-Jankowski A. S. Wiener D. R. Risser H. Plonski 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,45(3):485-491
The human-type A-B-O blood groups of 52 bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) were determined. Application of method of population genetics indicated the gene frequences to be O = 0.173, A = 0.480 and B = 0.347. Cross testing of sera and red cells of the bonnet macaques revealed two blood-type-specific isoagglutinins, one of them strong enough for use as a blood typing reagent. No blood group polymorphism was revealed by testing bonnet macaque red cells with isoantisera produced in rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) and in crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis). The rhesus and crab-eating macaque isoantisera reacted either with all or with none of the bonnet macaque red cells tested. 相似文献
6.
Food rewards were given contingent upon the performance of one of three natural responses in adult male pigtail macaques:
scratching, yawning, and the facial expression “protruded lips.” Scratching rapidly increased in frequency when it was followed
by food, as did variability in form of scratching and one form in particular, using the feet. The facial expression was resistant
to the conditioning procedures. Yawning increased in frequency when followed by food, with extinction and reconditioning procedures
confirming the establishment of the conditioned response. This is the first report of the conditioning of yawning in primates.
Together, the results contribute to the literature on the differential conditionability of different classes of behavior,
and suggest the possibility that macaques can voluntarily display “reflexive” acts for social goals. 相似文献
7.
8.
Ziegler T Abegg C Meijaard E Perwitasari-Farajallah D Walter L Hodges JK Roos C 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2007,42(3):807-816
The 12 presently recognized taxa forming the Macaca silenus group represent the most diverse lineage within the genus Macaca. The present study was set up to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the extant members of the M. silenus group and to explain their geographical distribution patterns seen today. A combined approach involving the analysis of one paternal (TSPY) and two maternal (cyt b and 12S-16S rRNA) molecular markers enabled us to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within this lineage. Our Y chromosomal marker is not informative enough to allow detailed conclusion. Based on our mitochondrial data, however, M. pagensis, endemic to the three southern Mentawai islands (Sipora, North- and South Pagai), split off early (2.4-2.6 mya) and represents a sister clade to the macaques from the northern Mentawai island of Siberut and from those of the Southeast Asian mainland, which diverged in a radiation-like splitting event about 1.5-1.7 mya. By combining our new results with available data on behavioural as well as climate and sea level changes in Southeast Asia during the Plio- and Pleistocene, we have developed two scenarios for the evolutionary history of this primate group, which may help explain the current geographical distribution of its members. 相似文献
9.
Dominique Vallet Eric J. Petit Sylvain Gatti Florence Levréro Nelly Ménard 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(3):677-680
Animal genomic DNA extracts of sufficient quality to address questions about population biology or behavioural ecology can be obtained from faeces when adequate extraction procedures are used. The presence of PCR inhibitors in extract products appears generally the main factor limiting DNA amplification success. We compared DNA amplification success from faeces of a tropical primate (western lowland gorilla, Gorilla g. gorilla) and a Mediterranean primate (Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus) between a standardized extraction technique widely used in animals (QIAamp® stool kit), a technique mainly used in plant species (CTAB) and a new protocol (2CTAB/PCI). Amplification success varied from 51% to 97%, the highest success being reached with the 2CTAB/PCI protocol in both species. 相似文献
10.
Matt J. Kessler Barbara Yarbrough Richard G. Rawlins John Berard 《Journal of medical primatology》1984,13(2):57-66
Free-ranging rhesus macaques on the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, were surveyed for intestinal parasites for the first time in over 40 years. Results were compared with the only previous study [10], and the relationships between the prevalence of Strongyloides and dominance rank, body weight, age, and matriline examined in the sampled population. 相似文献