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Diversity of endophytic fungi of single Norway spruce needles and their role as pioneer decomposers 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The diversity of endophytic fungi within single symptomless Norway spruce needles is described and their possible role as pioneer decomposers after needle detachment is investigated. The majority (90%) of all 182 isolates from green intact needles were identified as Lophodermium piceae. Up to 34 isolates were obtained from single needles. Generally, all isolates within single needles had distinct randomly amplified microsatellite (RAMS) patterns. Single trees may thus contain a higher number of L. piceae individuals than the number of their needles. To investigate the ability of needle endophytes to act as pioneer decomposers, surface-sterilized needles were incubated on sterile sand inoculated with autoclaved or live spruce forest humus layer. The dry weight loss of 13-17% found in needles after a 20-week incubation did not significantly differ between the sterilized and live treatments. Hence, fungi surviving the surface sterilization of needles can act as pioneer decomposers. A considerable portion of the needles remained green during the incubation. Brown and black needles, in which the weight loss had presumably taken place, were invaded throughout by single haplotypes different from L. piceae. Instead, Tiarasporella parca, a less common needle endophyte, occurred among these invaders of brown needles. Needle endophytes of Norway spruce seem thus to have different abilities to decompose host tissues after needle cast. L. piceae is obviously not an important pioneer decomposer of Norway spruce needles. The diversity of fungal individuals drops sharply when needles start to decompose. Thus, in single needles the decomposing mycota is considerably less diverse than the endophytic mycota. 相似文献
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针叶树生散斑壳属部分种内及近似种间亲缘关系的ISSR分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用ISSR分析技术,对22个散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chevall)菌株进行种内和近似种间亲缘关系的分析。通过欧氏最短距离中的类平均法聚类,得到各菌株之间的遗传距离在5.93~7.41之间,表明种内及近似种间有较丰富的遗传多样性。另外,在遗传距离7.12处,将22个供试菌株分为5类。通过ISSR分析结果结合表型性状的比较和分析,论证了子囊果埋生位置,子座、唇、子囊、子囊孢子等形态学特征以及寄主种类差异等在该类菌物种水平分类上的重要性。 相似文献
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散斑壳属的两个新种,即生于黄山杜鹃Rhododendron maculiferum ssp. anhweiense上的纠丝散斑壳Lophodermium implicatum和强壮散斑壳L. validum。对它们作了拉丁文特征简介、汉文描述和图解。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室(AAUFP),合肥。 相似文献
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A quantitative method was developed to describe Lophodermium (Rhytismataceae, Ascomycetes) populations on Pinus thunbergii needle litter, and seasonal patterns of population variation were examined based on this method. We focused on the formation
of black zone lines across needles and the production of Lophodermium ascocarps on needle portions delimitated by zone lines. The study was carried out at a soil erosion control site on a mountain
slope and at a coastal sand dune site. Most Lophodermium spp. on needle litter were identified as L. pinastri according to morphological characteristics of ascocarps and ascospores and DNA analysis. Zone lines were produced on needles
when isolates of L. pinastri were in contact with other isolates of L. pinastri or with isolates of other species in dual culture tests. This observation provided a rationale to consider that individual
colonies with ascocarps and delimitated by zone lines were occupied by a single Lophodermium isolate. Frequency of occurrence of Lophodermium colonies, total colony length, and mean colony number per needle were higher at the coastal sand dune site than at the soil
erosion control site. Total colony length and mean colony number also varied with season. Mean colony length and mean ascocarp
number per colony were not different between sites or seasons. 相似文献
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Tiina Rajala Sannakajsa M. Velmala Risto Vesala Aino Smolander Taina Pennanen 《Fungal biology》2014,118(3):309-315
This study investigated fungal endophytes in the needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) cuttings in relation to host tree growth. We also determined the prevalence of endophytes in needles incubated for six months. The cuttings originated from clonal origins showing slow- and fast-growth in long-term field trials but the heritable differences in growth rate were not yet detected among the studied cutting. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized needles with culture-free DNA techniques. No significant differences were observed between endophyte communities of slow- and fast-growing clonal origins. However, the endophyte community correlated with the current growth rate of cuttings suggesting that endophytes reflect short- rather than long-term performance of a host. The concentration of condensed tannins was similar in slow- and fast-growing clonal origins but it showed a negative relationship with endophyte species richness, implying that these secondary compounds may play an important role in spruce tolerance against fungal infections. More than a third of endophyte species were detected in both fresh and decomposing needles, indicating that many needle endophytes are facultative saprotrophs. Several potentially pathogenic fungal species were also found within the community of saprotrophic endophytes. 相似文献
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本文报道从我国南部地区针叶树上采集的斑痣盘菌,共5属9种。其中小双梭孢盘菌属(Bifusella v.Hhn.)是我国新记录属;杉生小双梭孢盘菌Bifusella cunninghamiicolaKorf & Ogimi)和落叶松散斑壳(Lophodermium laricinum Duby)为国内新记录种。对新记录属、种作了简要记述,记载了已知种的寄主新记录、地理新分布和生态习性,并对一些种的同物异名问题进行了必要的讨论。 相似文献