Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf, flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae)

Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae) is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n=12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations of B. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length increased with an increase at ploidy level (P<0.01), whereas adaxial cell and stomatal density decreased with an increase at ploidy level (P<0.01). We found no conspicuous differences in relative leaf size (P>0.05) in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaploid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the field or in herbarium specimens.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of populations of plains bristlegrass (<i>Setaria macrostachya</i> Kunth) in Chihuahua,México

Plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachya Kunth) is a native grass with forage value. However, due to the lack of grazing management practices, populations and thus genetic diversity, have been reduced. Morphological and genetic variability were analyzed on 44 populations of plains bristlegrass in the State of Chihuahua. Plants were transplanted in a common area under natural conditions. Two years later, morphological characterization was evaluated measuring nine variables, and genetic variability using AFLP molecular markers. The principal components analysis (PC) showed that the three first principal components explained 73.74% of the variation. The variables with the greatest contribution to the variance in PC1 were plant height and inflorescence length; in CP2, tiller number and leaf width; and in PC3, tiller thickness. Application of four pairs of primers, presented 186 total bands, from which 87.10% showed polymorphism and 12.90% monomorphism. The combination of EcoRI-AGG MseI-CAG primers detected the highest percentage (93%) of polymorphism with 40 polymorphic bands. The cluster analysis and Dice coefficient indicated that populations clump into two groups. The wide genetic variability and morphological characteristics detected among populations represent the basis for the selection of populations that could be used with different purposes in the rehabilitation of ecosystems. In addition, this study will allow establishment of in situ conservation strategies.     

大穗和中华结缕草的群落特征及种内分异研究

大穗结缕草为盐生植物,主要生长在沿海潮沟两侧的滨海盐土地带上,其区系组成绝大多数种类属于盐生植物,为海滩原生植物群落。中华结缕草为耐盐的优良草坪植物,其野生群落主要分布在沿海2~40m的滨海阶地上。其生态幅较宽,土壤pH在7.2~9.2之间。中华结缕草群落为单优群落,盖度多在60%~90%。中华结缕草种内存在十分丰富的变异,采用模糊聚类的方法将17份草样划分为6类,各类间差异很大。主分量分析表明有性繁殖器官如果穗高度和营养器官特征如叶长和匍匐茎扩展速度是研究中华结缕草种内分异的重要指标。这2种植物可作为沿海城市建植草坪的优良植物。     

New triterpene saponins from the roots of Acacia macrostachya (Mimosaceae)

Four new oleanane-type saponins, macrostachyaosides A, B, C, and D (1–4) were isolated from the roots of Acacia macrostachya. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR data and HR-ESI-MS analyses. At concentrations of 100 μM of each compounds, none of the tested compounds caused a significant growth reduction against HL60 cells.     

黄河三角洲大穗结缕草解剖结构的研究

目前对于草坪草的抗性研究多数集中在其生理方面的变化,而结合各抗性品种营养器官结构进行比较研究却报道较少。从采集自山东省无棣县沿海滩涂的大穗结缕草的营养器官解剖结构和微形态特征的研究中分析它的耐盐、耐寒、耐旱、耐践踏和弹性好的原因,从形态解剖的角度来认识大穗结缕草的优良特性。     

大穗崖豆一新变种

大穗崖豆一新变种钱义咏（云南省思茅行署林业局,思茅县６６５０００）关键词多小叶大穗崖豆ＡＮＥＷＶＡＲＩＥＴＹＯＦＭＩＬＬＥＴＴＩＡＭＡＣＲＯＳＴＡＣＨＹＡ￥ＱｉａｎＹｉｙｏｎｇ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＳｉｍａｏＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅＯ...     

Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of flower development inLindenbergia macrostachya Benth. (Scrophulariaceae)

All the floral primordia are homologous to leaves in their development inLindenbergia macrostachya. The sepals follow an anterior to posterior sequence of initiation. The petals and stamens are initiated almost simultaneously but sequentially in order of petals followed by stamens. There is no sign of development of fifth posterior stamen. p ]The calyx tube is formed by interprimordial growth followed by zonal growth. The combined interprimordial growth between the petal primordia and growth on the abaxial side of stamen primordia results in the formation of upper corolla tube whereas lower corolla tube is formed only by zonal growth. The zonal growth extends below the bases of stamen primordia also due to which they become epipetalous. The placentae arise from the carpellary margins, move inwards and get fused in the lower half and remain free in the upper part of the ovary. Thus the ovary appears biloeular with axile plaeentation in the lower haler and unilocular with parietal placentation in the upper half.     

光温对3种醉鱼草属植物种子萌发的影响

密蒙花、七里香和大序醉鱼草3种醉鱼草的种子细小,千粒重仅12～58 mg,但形态有差异,可以进行种类区分.种子充分吸水后,在20～25℃条件下于5～10 d内就能迅速萌发,15 d时发芽率达到75%以上.光照强度21.6～32.4μmol·m-2·s-1和光照时间12～16 h·d-1均可显著提高七里香种子的发芽率,但光照抑制密蒙花种子萌发,而对大序醉鱼草种子萌发没有明显影响.种子苗移栽后3～5 d,真叶转绿,90%的幼苗可形成健壮植株.     

Collection ofAvena Macrostachya Bal. Ex Coss. et Dur. (Poaceae) germplasm in algeria

Avena macrostachya Bal. ex Coss. et Dur. is narrowly endemic to two mountain chains in northeastern Algeria, the Aures and the Djurdjura, where it is found at high altitudes. It is taxonomically isolated within the genus, showing a number of primitive features, including perennial habit. There is interest in the possibility of gene exchange with cultivated oats, particularly as regards tolerance of low temperatures, but the availability of germplasm was limited to material from one site. The first systematic attempt to collect germplasm of the species throughout its range was made recently, during which observations were also made on its ecology and conservation status.Avena macrostachya seems to require open conditions above about 1300–1400 m in the Mediterranean region of Algeria. For the first time, germplasm was collected in the Aures, an area where the species seems to be rare and decreasing.     

Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf,flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae）

Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae） is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n= 12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations orB. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length in,eased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）, whereas adaxial cell and stomatal density decreased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）. We found no conspicuous differences in relative leaf size （P〉0.05） in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaptoid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the field or in herbarium specimens.