生态环境对川芎产、质量的影响

生态环境对川芎产、质量的影响丁德蓉,陈兴福,卢进,黄文秀,刘岁荣（四川省中医药研究院药物种植研究所,南川６４８４０８）ＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆＥｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｎｔｈｅＹｉｅｌｄａｎｄＱｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆＬｉｇｕｓｔｉｃｕｍｃｈｕａｎｘｉｏｎ...     

Dimeric progestins from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong

Five dimeric phthalides were isolated from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong and their structures deduced based on spectral data. All compounds and their parent extracts were assessed for progesterone-like activity using a progesterone receptor driven reporter-gene bioassay. Among all the compounds, riligustilide, displayed weak progesterone-like activity (EC50 approximately 81 microM), whereas, (3Z')-(3a'R,6'R,3R,6R,7R)-3,8-dihydro-6.6',7.3a'-diligustilide (Mr: 382, EC50 approximately 90 nM), was found to be a potent and specific activator of the progesterone receptor. Levistolide A, although having a very similar plenary structure, was inactive indicating the importance of stereochemistry of chiral centers and flexibility of butylidene side chain for progestogenic activity. These bioactive phthalides and their parent extracts (EC50 approximately 8 microg/ml) may have utility for treatment of conditions requiring progesterone action.     

辽藁本(Ligusticum jeholense)幼苗初生维管系统的发育

应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片等方法,对辽藁本幼苗初生维管系统的发育进行了观察。结果表明：该幼苗的轴向器官中,以子叶节区下部的初生维管系统先建立,向下发育形成了下胚轴和根的维管系统;再向上通过子叶节区中、上部的分生组织性组织与第1片真叶的叶迹相连;上胚轴一苗的维管系统向下发育与子叶迹相连,至此构成了该幼苗完整、连续的初生维管系统。此外,对幼苗侧生器官子叶片的三出一叉状脉的形成进行了观察,认为该叶脉序属于原始脉序类型。     

Pollen Morphology of the Genus Ligusticum from China and Its Systematic Significance

The genus Ligusticum (Umbelliferae)consists of over 60 specics. So far found are 34 species in China. In the present paper pollen morphology of 25 species of Ligusticum were investigated. Among them only L.scothicum L.is not distributed in China, but in the Soviet Union, Korea, Japan and North America. Pollen grains of all the species were examined by LM, SEM and four species examined under TEM. Seventeen species are palynologically reported here for the first time. Based on our observation and data from other authors the shape of pollen grains in Ligusticum may be divided into four types: (1)Rhomboidal, P/E 1.14-1.87; colpi slender; pores goniotreme, rectangular, protruding; exine 2-layered, nearly equal in thickness, columellae inaistinct, sculpture reticulate or obscure under LM, psilate and finely rugulate under SEM ( including L. franchetii; L. tachiroei and L. sikiangensis); (2) Ellipsoidal, P/ E 1.72-2.25; colpi slender, rarely syncolpate; pores pleurotreme, rarely goniotreme, subrectangular; exine 2-layered, nearly equal in thickness, columellae distinct, sculpture reticulate, distinct or indistinct under LM, rugulate or brevistriate-reticulate under SEM (including L. brachylobum; L.pteridophyllum); (3) Rectangular, P/E 1.71-2.42; colpi long, rather long or wide and short; pores pleurotreme, rounded, subrounded or lalongate; exine 2-layered, sexine thicker than nexine; columellae distinct, sculpture reticulate distinct or obscure under LM, rugulate, brevistriate or striate-reticulate under SEM ( L. angelicifolium L. capillaceum; L. multivittatum; L. sinense ; L. sinense cv. Chuanxiong ; L. sinense cv. Fuxiong ; L. jeholense; L. involucratum; L. oliverianum; L. scothicum; L. scapiforme; L. hispidum; L. daucoides; (4) Equatorial-constricted, P/E 2.00-2.42; colpi short or rather short; pores rounded, ellipsoidal or lalongate; exine 2-layered, sexine thicker than nexine, columellae distinct, sculpture distinctly reticulate under LM, rugulate, brevistriate or striate-reticulate undr SEM (L.filifolium; L. discolor; L. ajaense; L. acuminatum) The revolutionary trends of pollen types are as follows: rhomboidal→ ellipsoidal; rhomboidal→ lalongate-rhomboidal→ rectangular→ equatorial-constricted. The aperture is of two types i.e.goniotreme and pleurotreme. Regel (1858)treated Tilingia as an independent genus and Leute (1969)separated the genus Ligusticpsis from Ligusticum, but pollen information supports K.-Pol. (1916) and Hiroe's (1979)systematic arrangement, placing Tilingia and Ligusticopsis into Ligusticum, because Tilingia and Ligusticopsis are similar to Ligusticum in pollen morphology:tricolporate, exine 2-layered, columellae usually distinct and sculpture reticulate. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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The Origin of Chinese Traditional Drug “Shuigaoben” from Hubei

A new variety of Ligusticum L. (Umbelliferae), L. sinense var. hupehense collected from Hubei province, is described in this paper.. Cytological investigation shows that the new plant is a diploid, with the karyotypic formula 2n=22=14m+ 8sm. The parameters of chromosomes and the idiogram are given. The comparison of ARC (arm ratio curve) diagram between the new variety andL. sinense is also given.     

Molecular reexamination of korean umbelliferae based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of rDNA:Ligusticum tenuissimum (Nakai) Kitagawa andLibanotis coreana (Wolff) kitagawa

The taxonomic status ofLigusticum tenuissimum (Nakai) Kitagawa andLibanotis coreana (Wolff) Kitagawa has been controversial in Korea. We examined their phylogenetic relationships by comparing the internal transcribed spacer (=ITS) sequences of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (=rDNA) with another seven species in the Korean Umbelliferae. Our results support the legitimacy of the nomenclatural combination withL. tenuissimum Kitagawa rather than withAngelica tenuissima Nakai. We also suggest usingL coreana (Wolff) Kitagawa instead ofSeseli coreanum Wolff becauseL. coreana has been completely separated from most taxa of the genusSeseli. In addition, we have confirmed at least three phylogenetic lines in the genusLigusticum. One is the core group ofLigusticum that comprisesL tenuissimum and four other species. This clade includes theLigusticum hultenii line andLigusticum scothicum, known as an anomaly ofLigusticum. The second clade is composed ofLigusticum physospermifolium withSeseli monatum, which indicates the polyphyly ofLigusticum. The third line isLigusticum acutilobum, clustered as a sister grade ofDystaenia.     

川芎HPLC—APCI—MS特征图谱方法研究

建立川芎中药高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱（HPLC-DAD-APCI—MS）特征指纹图谱的分析方法。采用HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS联用技术,对川芎甲醇提取物中活性成分进行了分离和初步鉴定,并对10批不同来源的川芎样品和1批当归样品进行分析,建立川芎有效部位的特征图谱。本文所建立的色谱方法精密度、重现性、稳定性良好,采用APCI—MS共计鉴定出川芎甲醇提取物中10种有效成分,酚酸类化合物为：ferulic acid;苯酞类化合物：senkyunolide I、senkyunolide H、senkyunolide A、3-butylphthalide、coniferylferulate、Z-ligustilide、E—butyli—denephthalide;苯酞二聚体类化合物：riligustilide、levistolide A。该方法是川芎药材质量控制的可靠方法。     

川芎及两种主要药效成分对废用性肌萎缩的影响

目的：探讨川芎及川芎中起活血作用的两种主要药效成分（阿魏酸钠和川芎嗪）对后肢去负荷大鼠比目鱼肌萎缩的影响与作用。方法：尾部悬吊法建立大鼠废用性肌萎缩模型,用免疫组化技术及血液流变学方法观察药物对比目鱼肌各项指标的影响。结果：与后肢去负荷大鼠相比①高剂量的阿魏酸钠和川芎嗪使比目鱼肌I型肌纤维横截面积分别增加了37.3%和39.4%（P〈0.05）;②三种药物均能明显抑制梭外肌纤维MHCII表达水平的升高（P〈0.01）;③使肌梭内核袋2纤维MHCII的表达由阳性转变为阴性;④并能明显降低低切变率下的全血粘度。结论：川芎及两种主要药效成分阿魏酸钠与川芎嗪均能不同程度地对抗废用性肌萎缩的发生,以高剂量川芎嗪与阿魏酸钠的药效最为明显。     

中国藁本属叶柄的解剖学研究

本文首次观察了我国藁本属(Ligusticum)21种植物的叶柄解剖结构、基本特征和变异幅度。根据叶柄的维管束排列,结合横切面形状、近轴面沟槽的有无及形状、周缘的变化及髓腔的有无等特征,把21种藁本的叶柄解剖分为4个类型。依据各类型的结构特点及植物的外部形态,讨论了这4个类型可能的演化关系。作者认为滇西北地区不仅藁本属植物种类丰富,而且集中了叶柄解剖的全部类型,形态分化活跃,应是这个属的最大变异中心。     

关于岩芋属二个种的模式化问题

岩芋属Remusatia(Araceae)是一个特征鲜明的属,共含三种,即R.vivipara(Lo-dd.)Schott,R．hookeriana Schott,R．ornata(Schott)H．Li et Q．F．Guo。Go－natanthus(?)ornatus Schott中的(?)这类植物转入Remusatia属,其名应为秀丽岩芋Remusatia ornata(Schott)H．Li et Q．F．Guo．Gonatanthus ornatus 的模式标本是Hooker f．s．n．采自印度喀西山,现只有Schott绘制的模式图照片; Schlagintweit n．313,亦采自喀西山,是Krause(1920）补充描述本种的重要凭证标本,现只有遗图。R．hooke－riana Schott(1857）的模式标本Hooker f．s．n．产锡金,Krause(1920）发表的图和描述的大部分可作为该种的凭证,是一个不同于R.ornata的好种。Rao et Verma(1968）描述的 Gonatanthus ornatus应是Remusatia hookeriana.