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1.
The level of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection in the roots of Leucaena grown in a sand-soil mixture in the
greenhouse increased rapidly with time and reached a peak value of 84% at 30 days from planting. The pattern of immobile nutrient
uptake and accumulation closely paralleled that of the development of infection, particularly during the first 10–30 days
after planting. Significant changes in dry matter yield were also observed only after a significant portion of the root length
was colonized byGlomus aggregatum. The development of VAM infection was not accompanied by growth depression at any of the sampling periods. However, VAM roots
had very high levels of Cu which was not translocated to shoots. It is hypothesized that such a diversion of Cu by the endophyte
from the host could cause growth depression under conditions where the soil volume is supplied with sub-optimal levels of
Cu.
Contribution from the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Series No. 3186. 相似文献
2.
银合欢基因文库的构建和种子贮藏蛋白基因的分离 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
潘志强 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1990,32(6):420-424
本文以λEMBL_3为载体,构建了银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)的基因文库,所得重组子为3.5×10~6pfu。以大豆种子贮藏蛋白α′亚基基因为探针,从基因文库中分离得到了4个阳性克隆,并初步绘制了其中3个重组子的物理图谱。结果表明在这3个重组子的基因内部有一致的酶切位点。亚克隆的部分核苷酸序列与 GenBank 中的基因序列比较,表明与大豆种子贮藏蛋白α′亚基基因高度同源。 相似文献
3.
M Karachi 《Animal Feed Science and Technology》1998,70(4):187-314
In two experiments, 2.5-month-old edible regrowth of the genus Leucaena (varying in tolerance to the leucaena psyllid pest attack) were analysed for nutritive value. In Experiment 1, forage of nine lines was separated into young leaves, young stems (within woody fraction < 5 mm diameter), old leaves and old stems (within a woody fraction 5-10 mm diameter) whereas in Experiment 2, forage of the other 10 lines was separated in main stem leaves, branch leaves, young branches, young main stems, old main stems and old branches for analysis. Major differences were recorded between lines and forage fractions. Nutrient contents in dry matter were: nitrogen 0.7-4.8%, phosphorus 0.1-0.3%, potassium 0.2-2.5%, calcium 0.2-1.6%, magnesium 0.1-0.6%, acid detergent fibre 20-63%, lignin 8-23% and in vitro dry matter digestibility 15-69%. The leaves and immature fractions were higher in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and digestibility but lower in calcium, magnesium and fibre. Nutrient content in L. Leucocephala lines exceeded that in L. esculenta, L. diversifolia, leucaena hybrids and the composites. Based on the data, a management strategy that will promote young growth is suggested as appropriate for high quality forage production. 相似文献
4.
Impact of residue quality on the C and N mineralization of leaf and root residues of three agroforestry species 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
A laboratory incubation experiment with 15N labeled root and leaf residues of 3 agroforestry species (Leucaena leucocephala, Dactyladenia barteri and Flemingia macrophylla) was conducted under controlled conditions (25 C) for 56 days to quantify residue C and N mineralization and its relationship with residue quality.No uniform relation was found between the chemical composition of the above and below residues. The leucaena and dactyladenia roots contained more lignin (8 and 26% respectively) and less N (2.0 and 1.0% respectively) than the respective leaves (2 and 13% lignin and 2.9 and 1.4% N, respectively), whereas the differences between the lignin and N contents of the flemingia leaves and roots were not significant (4.6 and 3.0% lignin and 2.63 and 2.68% N, respectively). The leucaena leaves contained more polyphenols than the roots (6.4 and 3.6%), while the polyphenol content of the leaves and roots of the other residues was similar (5.0 and 5.1% for dactyladenia and 4.0 and 3.5% for flemingia).Three patterns of N mineralization could be distinguished. A first pattern, followed by residues producing the highest amounts of CO2, showed an initial immobilization of soil derived N, followed by a net release of both soil and residue derived N after 7 days of incubation. A second pattern, followed by the flemingia leaf residues which produced intermediate amounts of CO2 and had an intermediate quality, showed no significant immobilization of soil derived N, and significant mineralization of residue N. A third pattern, followed by both low quality dactyladenia residues, showed a low release of residue derived N and a continued inmobilization of soil derived N.Residue C mineralization was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with the residue lignin content, C-to-N ratio, and polyphenol-to-N ratio. The proportion of residue N mineralized (immobilized) after 56 days of incubation was significantly correlated with the residue N content (p<0.01) and the C-to-N ratio (p<0.05). The relations were quadratic, rather than linear. The ratio of the proportion of residue N mineralized (immobilized) over the proportion of residue C mineralized after 56 days was highly significantly correlated with the lignin content (p<0.01) and C-to-N (p<0.001), lignin-to-N (p<0.01), polyphenol-to-N (p<0.01) and (lignin+polyphenol)-to-N ratios (p<0.01) in a linear way. This indicates that due to the low availability of the residue C, relatively less N is immobilized for the very low quality residues ((lignin+polyphenol)-to-N ratio: 29.7) than for the residues with a relatively higher quality ((lignin+polyphenol)-to-N ratios between 3.3 and 12.5). 相似文献
5.
Effects and interactions of varying CaSO4 and NaCl levels on growth and nitrogen fixation ofLeucaena leucocephala K8 were examined. Leucaena was grown in nutrient solution at four levels of CaSO4 (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) and NaCl (1, 25, 50 and 100 mM) in randomized blocks with five replications. While NaCl significantly reduced plant growth, additions of CaSO4 increased plant height, leaf number, and biomass of salt treated plants. For the nonsaline treatments, high CaSO4 levels slightly depressed growth, which contradicts suggestions that Leucaena has a high calcium requirement. A significant
calcium/sodium interaction was not seen for nodule number or weight. Nodule number was significantly depressed by 100 mM NaCl and nodule weight of the salt stressed plants significantly increased as CaSO4 concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mM. Effects of NaCl and CaSO4 on nitrogen content of plant parts were inconclusive. The promotion of Leucaena salinity tolerance by addition of CaSO4 may be attributed to the effect of calcium in maintaing the selective permeability of membranes. 相似文献
6.
Abstract The intensity of seed predation the invasive tropical legume Leucaena leucocephala by the bruchid Acanthoscelides macropthalmus was investigated in south‐eastern Queensland, Australia. The number of seeds damaged by A. macropthalmus as a proportion of total seeds available was found to increase the longer the pods remained on the tree. Seed predation ranged from a mean of 10.75% of seeds on pods that remained on the plant for 1 month and increased to 53.54% for pods that remained of the plant for 4 months. The low bruchid populations at high pod densities results in ‘predator satiation’. However, pods dehisce over time and the proportion of pods available over time to the bruchid correspondingly declines. By the time bruchid densities build up, most pods have dehisced and the seeds consequently escape predation. As a result the number of seeds lost to bruchid damage increases only marginally over time. Despite the levels of seed predation observed over the course of the study, the number of seeds in the soil seedbank almost doubled over time increasing from 8.5 seeds m?3 to 15.5 seeds m?3 over a 4‐month period. Levels of seed predation and addition of seeds to the soil seedbank were not correlated. The taxonomic (subspecies) status and apparency of host plants as measured by plant and patch traits (average plant height, density of podding plants and patch size) did not influence levels of seed predation. Pre‐dispersal seed predation studies need to take into account the pod/seed retention behaviour of the plant. The ability of the bruchid to regulate the invasiveness of Leucaena through influencing its demography is likely to be diminished if the insect populations cannot increase rapidly enough to use the seeds before pod dehiscence. 相似文献
7.
Nitrogen fixed in 13 provenances of Acacia albida and 11 isolines of Leucaena leucocephala inoculated with effective Rhizobium strains was measured by 15N techniques and the total N difference method. In the test soil, on the average, L. leucocephala derived about 65% of its total N from atmospheric N2 fixation compared to about 20% by A. albida. Significant differences in the percentage of N derived from atmospheric N2 (% Ndfa) occurred, between provenances or isolines within species. The % Ndfa ranged from 37 to 74% within L. leucocephala and from 6 to 37 within A. albida; (equivalent to 20–50 mg N plant–1 and 4–37 mg N plant–1 for the two species over three months, respectively) and was correlated with the nodule mass (r=0.91). The time course of N2 fixation of three selected provenances (low, intermediate and good fixers) was followed at 12 weekly intervals over a 36 week period. The % Ndfa of all provenances and isolines increased with time; and except for one of the L. leucocephala provenances, % Ndfa was similar within species at the 36 weeks harvest. There was a significant correlation between % Ndfa and the amount of N2 fixed (r=0.96). Significant interactions occurred between provenances and N treatments and often growth of uninoculated but N fertilized plants was less variable than for inoculated unfertilized plants. 相似文献
8.
Two plant regeneration methods applicable to Leucaenaleucocephala were developed. In the first method, involvingorganogenesis via callus formation, cotyledon, hypocotyl and root segments wereinitiated on MS medium containing different concentrations ofN6-benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), andnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Both compact (type I) and friable (type II) calliwere obtained from the cotyledon and hypocotyl explants treated with differentconcentrations of the growth regulators. Shoots were generated only from thefriable calli formed from the cotyledon explants. The calli formed from thehypocotyl explants did not generate shoots and the root explants died withoutforming callus. Cotyledon explants from 3–4 day old seedlings showedmaximum callus induction compared to those from older seedlings. In a secondmethod involving direct organogenesis, excised cotyledons were cultured on 1/2MS medium containing 10–35 mg l–1N6-benzyladenine (BA) for 7–14 days. Transfer of thecotyledonsto regeneration medium containing low BA resulted in callus formation andsubsequent shoot regeneration from the base of the excised cotyledon explants,with up to 100% frequency. Regenerated shoots rooted best on a basal mediumcontaining no growth regulators. 相似文献
9.
从异叶银合欢K(164)和K(794)的根瘤中各分离到一株根瘤菌,并且,对K164根瘤菌的形态特征和生理生化特性进行了研究。K(164)根瘤菌在平板上培养2天,菌落呈圆形,灰白色,直径约1.2mm;革兰氏染色呈阴性,无芽孢,有美膜,两根极生鞭毛;杆菌大小为2.2×0.89μm,增代时间为1.69小时,属快生型;最适生长温度为30℃,在39℃持续2天不能存活,在20℃以下不能生长;不耐盐,较耐酸,在pH4.5~6.6范围内均能生长,但不耐碱;对庆大霉素和青霉素敏感;对供试的10种糖都能利用,不液化明胶,不利用淀粉,B.T.B试验未变色,不能进行3-酮基乳糖反应,硝酸盐反应呈阳性,石蕊牛奶试验能胨化、还原、产碱,牛肉膏蛋白胨培养生长差,能利用柠檬酸盐;在自生条件下具有吸H2酶活性;回接后结瘤率达100%,根瘤具有固氮酶和吸H2酶活性。 相似文献
10.
Prolific differentiation of shoot buds of Leucaena leucocephala was induced from the different plant parts viz. cotyledon, hypocotyl and leaf. Adventitious shoot bud formation was recorded
with prudent application of N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine and 15% (v/v) coconut water. Coconut water alone was unable to produce any beneficial effect with
regard to the shoot bud proliferation but the response was augmented with the increase in concentration of N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine. However supra-optimal level of N6-2-(isopentenyl) adenosine was inhibitory. Best response was recorded from the cotyledon explant at 2 mg dm−3 N6-2-(isopentenyl) adenosine compared to the other two explants. Comparative assessment was undertaken following the same experimental
protocol in liquid shake culture. The regenerated shoot buds were subcultured in plant growth regulator-free medium where
leafy shoot emergence was recorded. Optimum regeneration of roots was observed in these shoots in presence of 1 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene acetic acid. Plantlets were finally hardened following standard procedures before transplantation to the field.
In another experimental set up, the de-embryonated cotyledons regenerated shoot buds via callus formation. The regenerated
shoots and plantlets obtained through callus mediated organogenesis could be used for rapid multiplication and also for the
genetic improvement of individual clones of Leucaena leucocephala. 相似文献