银杏叶的研究开发概况

本文对银杏叶的化学、药理、临床和制剂等进行了综述。     

Euphorbia cotinifolia (Euphorbiaceae): a promising alternative for leaf cutting ant Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) control

Field observations indicate that Euphorbia cotinifolia escapes attack by leaf cutting ants, which are the largest generalist herbivores of the Neotropics. We used controlled bioassays to evaluate the effect of E. cotinifolia on the foraging of the Atta cephalotes ant. In a free-choice trial, to five colonies were offered Mangifera indica leaves with a 10% aqueous E. cotinifolia extract, leaves with distilled water and untreated leaves. The carrying time and leaf area consumed were determined over a five-hour period. The effect of E. cotinifolia on the development of the symbiotic fungus on three sets of five colonies fed the leaves of this plant were compared to the controls fed M. indica and oat flakes, and the effect of the addition of extracts on the culture medium used for the symbiotic fungus isolation was evaluated. Euphorbia leaf consumption was lower than that of the other diets; its consumption as the exclusive foraging resource significantly affected the symbiotic fungus, resulting in changes in colour and texture and an 83.57% decrease in volume that occasionally caused 100% mortality. Although the aqueous extract of E. cotinifolia is not a phagodeterrent for foraging workers, it is evident that E. cotinifolia is not a preferred resource for A. cephalotes due to the negative effect on the growth and viability of the symbiotic fungus.     

兰属春剑叶艺突变体叶片结构的研究

以兰属春剑(Cymbidium tortisepalum Fukuy.var.longibracteatum)叶色突变体‘隆昌素’及其亲本为材料,采用石蜡切片、扫描电镜及透射电镜对叶片的组织结构、扫描结构和超微结构进行了观察。结果显示,春剑叶色突变体叶片的表皮厚度和叶肉细胞面积均大于亲本,但导管数量少于亲本;叶片上、下表皮纹饰与亲本具有明显差异;气孔密度和面积均小于亲本,且气孔闭合度较大,占总气孔数的56%;突变体的叶绿体呈高密度的囊泡状结构,内部严重解体,体积较小的嗜锇滴聚集分布,无基粒片层,无淀粉粒。本研究表明经组培诱变的春剑叶色突变体的叶片结构与亲本存在明显差异。     

獐牙菜属生药形态组织学的研究Ⅱ.叶片的比较微形态学研究

本文报道１２种国产獐牙菜属和花锚属花用植物叶片的扫描电镜观察结果,并比较对照了光镜下的微形态特征。研究表明：叶片的表面纹饰以及栅表比、气孔指数等显微特征对鉴定该类药用植物有一定的价值。文中并附电镜照片、绘图和比较表等。     

粤东地区重要外来有害植物叶蛋白含量的研究

用凯氏定氮法测定了粤东地区17种重要的外来植物粗蛋白含量.其中空心莲子草含量高达32.38%,另外薇甘菊、马缨丹、水葫芦、飞机草、空心莲子草等在叶蛋白的提取及叶蛋白产品的开发利用方面具有良好的前景.     

见血封喉树叶化学成分研究

从见血封喉(Antiaris toxicaria(Pers.)Lesch.)树叶中分离得到了6个化合物,经波谱数据分析,分别鉴定其结构为:(3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-3,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionol(1)、(5R)-4,5-二氢布卢门醇A(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(4)、山柰甲黄素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)和环氧松柏醇(6),以上化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

赫氏筒天牛的生物学特性及防治

赫氏筒天牛是毛乌素沙地固沙植物塔落岩黄芪的钻蛀性害虫。此虫 2年发生 1代 ,在寄主根部越冬。 5月中旬羽化盛期用 2 5%甲胺磷乳剂 10 0 0倍稀释液喷雾杀成虫 ,防治效果可达 87.4 %。平茬措施可有效抑制该虫的危害