Effects of lactulose and lactitol on coliform bacteria and bacterial translocation in the caecum during 72-h starvation in rats

Lactulose and lactitol, non-absorbable disaccharides, prevent bacterial translocation (BT) arising from the gut. In contrast, lack of food into the gut leads to coliform bacterial overgrowth and even if it does not cause BT, can induce the risk from other stimuli for BT. In this study, we tested whether lactulose and lactitol affected populations of coliform bacteria in the caecum during starvation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of rats were starved for 72 h and given oral 2 ml undiluted lactulose (670 mg/ml), 2 ml undiluted lactitol (666 mg/ml) or 2 ml physiological saline, respectively, once a day. The caecum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were removed for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The highest degree of coliform bacterial overgrowth, BT to MLNs and histopathological damage were observed in lactulose-treated rats, followed by the group treated with lactitol. As a result of this study, both drugs, especially lactulose augmented the proliferation and translocation tendency of coliform bacteria in the caecum during 72-h starvation in rats.     

培菲康联合拉克替醇对功能性便秘的疗效

目的 探讨益生菌联合拉克替醇对不同类型功能性便秘患者的治疗效果。方法 选取我院功能性便秘不伴结肠黑变病患者112例,随机分为拉克替醇A组（56例）和培菲康联合拉克替醇A组（联合A组）（56例）。选取我院功能性便秘伴结肠黑变病患者46例,随机分为拉克替醇B组（23例）和培菲康联合拉克替醇B组（联合B组）（23例）。4组患者均接受排便习惯训练、调整饮食和适当锻炼等基础治疗。拉克替醇A组和拉克替醇B组患者在此基础上给予拉克替醇治疗,起始剂量为20 g/d,早餐时一次服用;第2天起改为10 g/d,早餐时一次服用。联合A组和联合B组患者在拉克替醇组治疗方案的基础上联合培菲康治疗,2粒/次,3次/d,饭后半小时温水服用。4组患者均持续治疗14 d,观察4组患者治疗后的效果、停药1个月和2个月后的复发率和治疗过程中出现的不良反应。结果 4组患者治疗后的临床效果存在显著差异（2=20.17,P<0.01）。联合A组患者的总有效率高于其他3组。拉克替醇B组的总有效率低于其他3组。4组患者治疗后大便形态评分和Wexner评分均明显改善（P<0.05）,且联合A组患者治疗后的大便形态评分和Wexner评分显著低于其他3组。拉克替醇B组患者治疗后大便形态评分和Wexner评分显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。各组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（2=0.295,P=0.961）。4组患者停药1个月后的复发率差异无统计学意义（2=3.05,P=0.384）;停药2个月后其复发率差异有统计学意义（2=9.506,P=0.023）。其中拉克替醇B组复发6例,占总有效例数的50.0%,复发率最高。联合A组复发7例,复发率13.2%,复发率最低。结论 益生菌可提高拉克替醇对功能性便秘的疗效、降低患者复发率且不影响拉克替醇的安全性。同时,以上作用对于伴有结肠黑变病的功能性便秘患者同样有效。     

Proteome reference map of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and quantitative proteomics towards understanding the prebiotic action of lactitol

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium adapted to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and with potential health benefits to the host. Lactitol is a synthetic sugar alcohol used as a sugar replacement in low calorie foods and selectively stimulating growth of L. acidophilus NCFM. In the present study the whole-cell extract proteome of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose until late exponential phase was resolved by 2-DE (pH 3-7). A total of 275 unique proteins assigned to various physiological processes were identified from 650 spots. Differential 2-DE (DIGE) (pH 4-7) of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose and lactitol, revealed 68 spots with modified relative intensity. Thirty-two unique proteins were identified in 41 of these spots changing 1.6-12.7-fold in relative abundance by adaptation of L. acidophilus NCFM to growth on lactitol. These proteins included β-galactosidase small subunit, galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and UDP-glucose-4-epimerase, which all are potentially involved in lactitol metabolism. This first comprehensive proteome analysis of L. acidophilus NCFM provides insights into protein abundance changes elicited by the prebiotic lactitol.