Photosensitivity of Rumex obtusifolius seeds for stimulation of germination: Influence of light and temperature

A population of Rumex obtusifolius L. seeds imbibed for 24 h at 25°C exhibits a sigmoid logarithmic fluence-response relationship for stimulation of germination by red light (R), 11.0 μmol m⁻² being necessary for 50% of the response. After 24 h imbibition at 35°C the fluence-response relationship for stimulation of germination by R is biphasic. For 50% response the very sensitive phase (very low fluence-response) requires 4.7 − 10⁻²μmol m⁻² whereas the less sensitive phase (low fluence-response) requires 4.0 μmol m². A few seconds of far-red light (FR) satisfies the germination requirement of the sensitive seeds after 24 h at 35°C. However, a longer period of FR (2 h) results in low germination. The fluence-response relationship for induction of these seeds by R is sigmoid, 4.8 μmol m⁻² being necessary for 50% response, demonstrating that 2 h FR desensitizes the sensitive proportion of the seed population induced by 24 h at 35°C. A proportion of the seed population can be further sensitized by 60 min at 35°C following this desensitization.     

拟南芥LFR原核重组蛋白纯化和多克隆抗体制备

拟南芥中有一类含ARM结构域的蛋白质,研究表明它们中的一些在植物的生长发育和激素应答等方面发挥着重要的作用.在拟南芥突变体筛选中,获得了一个推测编码蛋白含ARM重复序列的新基因突变体lfr(leaf and flower related mumnt),它在叶子和花的发育过程中表现出较明显的表型.为进一步研究该基因编码蛋白的生物学功能及其分子作用机制,构建了pGEX-2TGST:LFR融合蛋白重组表达载体,将重组质粒转化到工程菌中诱导表达菌体蛋白,经SDS.聚内烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,结果表明,融合重组蛋白成功获得了高效表达,分子质量在77 ku左右.重组蛋白经谷胱甘肽S.转移酶(GST)标签蛋白亲和层析法纯化,SDS-PAGE制备胶割胶富集,电洗脱法纯化后得到纯度较高的抗原.经对新西兰兔进行5次免疫,获得了多克隆抗血清.采用免疫吸附方法对抗血清进行了纯化,结果得到只识别LFR重组蛋白的抗血清.进一步提取拟南芥野生型及突变体的核蛋白,经蛋白质印迹检测,结果显示,在分子质量50ku左右处出现特异的蛋白质条带,证明所制备的抗血清可以与拟南芥LFR蛋白特异性结合.     

Sensitivity of Polygonum aviculare seeds to light as affected by soil moisture conditions

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been hypothesized that soil moisture conditions could affect the dormancy status of buried weed seeds, and, consequently, their sensitivity to light stimuli. In this study, an investigation is made of the effect of different soil moisture conditions during cold-induced dormancy loss on changes in the sensitivity of Polygonum aviculare seeds to light. METHODS: Seeds buried in pots were stored under different constant and fluctuating soil moisture environments at dormancy-releasing temperatures. Seeds were exhumed at regular intervals during storage and were exposed to different light treatments. Changes in the germination response of seeds to light treatments during storage under the different moisture environments were compared in order to determine the effect of soil moisture on the sensitivity to light of P. aviculare seeds. KEY RESULTS: Seed acquisition of low-fluence responses during dormancy release was not affected by either soil moisture fluctuations or different constant soil moisture contents. On the contrary, different soil moisture environments affected seed acquisition of very low fluence responses and the capacity of seeds to germinate in the dark. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that under field conditions, the sensitivity to light of buried weed seeds could be affected by the soil moisture environment experienced during the dormancy release season, and this could affect their emergence pattern.     

Human sperm acrosomal status,acrosomal responsiveness,and acrosin are predictive of the outcomes of in vitro fertilization: A prospective cohort study

The sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is a physiological secretory course of membrane fusion and hydrolytic enzymes, as well as matrix protein release, enabling spermatozoa to penetrate the egg surroundings. An instable acrosomal status before a specific stimulus, insufficient acrosomal responsiveness, or inadequate enzymatic activity of acrosomal content can be detrimental to male fertility. This prospective cohort study was designed to determine whether three human sperm acrosome evaluation parameters—including spontaneous AR rate, AR after calcium ionophore A23187 challenge (ARIC) rate, and modified Kennedy acrosin activity—can predict fertilization outcomes in vitro and are correlated with male characteristics. A total of 485 eligible couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy were included in two phases of this study. In a ‘construction phase’, three acrosome evaluation parameters were determined simultaneously in 132 cases, whereas in a ‘validation phase’, the spontaneous AR rate was determined in 353 cases. The results of the ‘construction phase’ revealed that the spontaneous AR rate was the only significant predictor of fertilization outcome (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]?=?0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.88, P?=? 0.003; adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.95, P?=? 0.03), and the cut-off value for total fertilization failure (TFF) prediction, determined by ROC curve analysis, was 9.91%; higher acrosin activity was shown to predict a higher fertilization rate only when patients were divided into groups (≥25 μIU/10⁶ spermatozoa, 14–25 μIU/10⁶ spermatozoa, <14 μIU/10⁶ spermatozoa). The spontaneous AR rate was negatively correlated with sperm motility, forward progression motility, and normal morphology; modified Kennedy acrosin activity was positively correlated with normal morphology; and the ARIC rate was not correlated with any of the male characteristics. A similar result was obtained for the spontaneous AR rate in the ‘validation phase’, and the cut-off value in predicting TFF was calibrated for 9.52%. Clinically, patients can voluntarily choose spontaneous AR rate alone or in combination with modified Kennedy acrosin activity to predict TFF, and early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), half ICSI, or full ICSI should be considered in advance for men with spontaneous AR rates ≥9.52% or spontaneous AR rates ≥9.52% and AE activities <25 μIU/10⁶ spermatozoa.     

叶花相关蛋白结构域对其转录辅激活及细胞核定位的影响

染色质相关蛋白在真核生物DNA复制、基因转录调控等过程中起着非常重要的作用．前期报道拟南芥叶花相关蛋白(leaf and flower related,LFR)蛋白定位于细胞核中, 其缺失突变体在叶、花发育及育性等方面存在着许多表型,但LFR蛋白的自身特征尚有待进一步探究．酵母单杂交实验表明,酵母转录因子GAL4 的DNA结合域与全长LFR的融合蛋白(GBD-LFR)具有转录辅激活活性,LFR的C端至少有2个犰狳蛋白(ARM)重复结构域及完整N端对于其转录辅激活活性是必需的．但在野生型拟南芥原生质体中,与典型的转录激活因子相比,GBD-LFR的转录辅激活活性并不明显．缺失或突变LFR与黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)的原生质体亚细胞定位的荧光显微观察表明,N端的1～25位氨基酸,特别是其中第22位的赖氨酸和第4、23以及25位精氨酸影响其核定位．利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察共表达黄色或青色荧光(CFP)融合蛋白的细胞核内分布,结果表明LFR与染色质结构蛋白组蛋白H4及染色质结合蛋白HMGA有一定的核内共定位．这些结果表明LFR可能作为一个染色质相关的蛋白质,在拟南芥的生长发育中发挥重要作用．