Changes in key regulatory enzymes of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism after glucose loading of starved rats

When glucose was given to starved rats there was an increase in both 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase and pyruvate kinase activity and a decrease in fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase activity 30 min and 60 min later. These changes were accompanied by an increase in glycogen deposition and by modest, but significant increases in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels at the same time. Metabolite measurements indicated that flux through 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase and pyruvate kinase were increased. These results suggest that although glycogen deposition may occur via the gluconeogenic pathway, glycolysis is activated at the same time by changes in the phosphorylation state of key regulatory enzymes as well as by the small rise in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.     

重组SOD抗运动性疲劳和抗氧化的初步研究

目的：观察重组SOD对小鼠运动能力和肝、脑组织中抗氧化能力的影响。方法：采用负重力竭性游泳实验测定小鼠的运动能力,观察重组SOD的抗运动性疲劳作用。结果：与对照组比较,给予100U重组SOD的小鼠负重力竭性游泳持续时间增加（P〈0．01）。游泳前2h给予100U重组SOD的小鼠游泳后血清中乳酸（LAC）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平非常显著提高（P〈0．01）,血清尿素氮（BUN）和葡萄糖（Glc）水平则显著提高（P〈0．05）;肝、脑组织中SOD活力非常显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论：重组SOD能改善小鼠的运动能力和抗组织氧化的能力。     

牛蒡低聚果糖对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

为研究牛蒡低聚果糖(BFOS)对小鼠的抗疲劳作用,将牛蒡低聚果糖用三个不同剂量组100、200、400mg.kg-1.d-1给小鼠灌胃,对照组为生理盐水,连续灌胃42 d,末次饲喂30 min后进行游泳实验,耐缺氧实验,测定运动耐力、血乳酸(LAC)、血尿素氮(BUN)等指标。测试结果表明三个剂量的牛蒡低聚果糖均能显著提高运动耐力和耐缺氧时间;降低运动后LAC和BUN的含量;提高肌、肝糖元含量。说明牛蒡低聚果糖具有良好的抗疲劳作用,200 mg.kg-1.d-1为最佳用量,高剂量无明显优势。     

Genetic and molecular study of the inability of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis var. drosophilarum to ferment lactose

The fermentation of lactose (Lac⁺) in the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis is controlled by the LAC4 (β-galactosidase) and LAC12 (lactose permease) genes. The complementation analysis of twelve Kl. lactis var. drosophilarum natural homothallic Lac^? strains of different origin was carried out using the genetic heterothallic lines of Kl. lactis var. lactis of the lac4LAC12 and LAC4lac12 genotypes. It was shown that the natural Lac^? strains did not possess the LAC4LAC12 gene cluster. Southern hybridization of chromosomal DNA with LAC4 and LAC12 probes, as well as recombination analysis, showed that Kl. lactis var. drosophilarum yeasts do not have even silent copies of these genes. As distinct from this yeast, natural Lac^? strains of the yeast Kl. marxianus are mutants impaired in the lactose permease gene (lac12 analogue), but possess an active β-galactosidase gene (LAC4 analogue). The origin of the LAC4LAC12 gene cluster of the dairy yeasts Kl. lactis is discussed.     

The Heat-Shock Gene hsp83 of Drosophila auraria: Genomic Organization, Nucleotide Sequence, and Long Antiparallel Coupled ORFs (LAC ORFs)

The genomic organization of the hsp83 gene of Drosophila auraria, a far-eastern endemic species belonging to the montium subgroup of the melanogaster species group, is presented here. Based on in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes, cDNA and genomic clone mapping, nucleotide sequencing, and genomic Southern analysis, hsp83 is shown to be present as a single-copy gene at locus 64B on the 3L chromosome arm in D. auraria. This gene is organized into two exons separated by a 929-bp intron. The first exon represents the mRNA leader sequence and is not translated, while the coding region, having a length of 2,151 bp, is solely included in the second exon. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of D. auraria hsp83 with homologous sequences from other organisms show high conservation of the coding region (88–92% identity) in the genus Drosophila, in addition to the conserved genomic organization of two-exons–one-intron, of comparable size and arrangement. A phylogenetic tree based on the protein sequences of homologous genes from representative organisms is in accord with the accredited phylogenetic position of D. auraria. In the hsp83 gene region, a second case of long antiparallel coupled open reading frames (LAC ORFs) for this species was found. The antiparallel to the hsp83 gene ORF is 1,554 bases long, while the two ORFs overlap has a size of 1,548 bp. The anti-hsp83 ORF does not show significant homology to any known gene sequences. In addition, no similar LAC ORF structures were found in homologous gene regions of other organisms. Received: 18 April 1997 / Accepted: 1 August 1997     

Ability to use the diazo dye, C.I. Acid Black 1 as a nitrogen source by the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria curviceps BDU92191

Ten different strains of marine cyanobacteria were tested for their ability to decolourise and degrade a recalcitrant diazo dye, C.I. Acid Black 1. Of them, Oscillatoria curvicepsBDU92191 was able to grow up to a tested concentration of 500 mG L⁻¹. The organism degraded 84% of the dye at 100 mG L⁻¹ in 8 days in a medium free of combined nitrogen. The dye degrading ability is attributed to the activities of the enzymes: laccase, polyphenol oxidase and azoreductase. The absence of the doublet amine peak in addition to the overall reduction of absorption in the IR spectra confirmed the mineralisation of the tested azo dye. The nitrogen assimilating enzyme studies along with nitrogenase assay strongly suggested the ability of the non-heterocystous, filamentous marine cyanobacterium, O. curvicepsBDU92191 to use C.I. Acid Black 1 as a nitrogen source in an oligotrophic environment.     

HeteroTOCSY-based experiments for measuring heteronuclear relaxation in nucleic acids and proteins

Summary While both ³¹P and ¹¹³Cd are present at locations of interest in many different macromolecular systems, heteronuclear-detected relaxation measurements on these nuclei have been restrained by limitations in either resolution or signal-to-noise ratio. We have developed hetero TOCSY-based methods to overcome both of these problems. Two-dimensional versions of these experiments were utilized to measure ³¹P T₁ and T₂ values in DNA oligonucleotides; the additional resolution offered by a second dimension allowed determination of these values for most of the ³¹P resonances in a DNA dodecamer. The results from the experiments indicated that there was little significant variation in T₁ values for the different phosphates in the DNA dodecamer; however, the T₂ values showed a clear pattern, with lower values in the interior of the sequence than at the ends of the helix. Furthermore, a significant correlation between ³¹P chemical shifts and T₂ values was observed. One-dimensional, frequency-selective versions of these experiments were also developed for use on systems containing a smaller number of heteronuclear spins. These methods were applied to investigate the heteronuclear relaxation properties of ¹¹³Cd in ¹¹³Cd₂LAC9(61), a Cys₆Zn₂ DNA-binding domain. Data from the experiments confirm biochemical evidence that more significant differences occur in the metal-protein interactions between the two metal-binding sites than has been previously identified for proteins containing this motif.     

血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效观察

目的:研究血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年9月至2016年8月我院收治的86例脓毒症休克患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用血必净注射液完成治疗,观察组在此基础上加以替加环素。比较两组患者治疗前后APACHEII评分、尿量、血清LAC、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、炎性因子及心肌酶水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者APACHEII评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),尿量均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05),和对照组相比,观察组的APACHEII评分较低(P0.05),尿量较多(P0.05);两组患者血清LAC、BUN、SCr、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α、CK-MB、c Tn I、LDH水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组的以上指标水平较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者能有效改善患者病情严重程度,提高患者心肾功能并抑制炎症反应,临床疗效较单用血必净注射液更好。     

毛竹漆酶基因PeLAC的克隆与表达分析

漆酶（LAC）对植物生长发育具有重要作用。本研究以毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis（Carr.） Lehaie）为实验材料,克隆获得毛竹漆酶基因PeLAC的cDNA和基因组序列,长度分别为1692bp和2785bp。该基因包含5个内含子和6个外显子;PeLAC蛋白编码563个氨基酸,推测的分子质量和等电点分别为62.3kD和9.056。系统进化分析表明,PeLAC与其它植物的漆酶具有较高的一致性。经预测PeLAC基因编码序列中含有miR397的靶点,利用RLM-5'RACE技术证明miR397对PeLAC能够准确切割,位点位于靶序列的第10~11位碱基之间。组织特异性分析表明,PeLAC基因在茎中表达丰度最高,根中次之,叶鞘中较少,叶片中几乎未检测到表达;随着笋高度的增加,PeLAC表达丰度上升,生长至15cm时达到最大值,30cm时又有所下降;而miR397的表达与PeLAC相反。本研究同时克隆了PeLAC基因上游启动子序列PeLACp,其包含ABRE、MBS等多种与逆境胁迫相关的响应元件。利用ABA（100μmol/L）和NaCl（400mmol/L）溶液处理可明显诱导PeLAC在毛竹根中表达,而GA₃（100μmol/L）处理则对其表达具有抑制作用。     

Changes in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels after glucose loading of starved rats

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in freeze-clamped livers of starved rats were 0.5 nmol/g liver. Oral administration of 1 g glucose per kg body weight to starved rats increased glycogen levels from 4 mg/g liver to 13.5 mg/g in 2 hr but did not significantly alter fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels. The low level of this effector is consistent with an active gluconeogenic process and the results support the hypothesis that carbon atoms for glycogen synthesis can be derived from 3-carbon precursors via this pathway, even in the presence of glucose.