Optimization of defined medium for recombinant Komagataella phaffii expressing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase

The cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an important enzyme for cyclodextrin (CD) production, and is also widely used in the biotechnology, food, and pharmaceuticals industries. Secretory CGTase production by recombinant Komagataella phaffii using defined medium is a promising approach because of low cost, less impurity protein. It was found that no CGTase was expressed using traditional defined medium (basal salt medium [BSM]) because of pH value decreasing significantly. CGTase was expressed by recombinant K. phaffii through pH maintenance in range of 5.5–7.0. β-CGTase activity increased to 122.0 U/mL after optimization of glycerol, phosphate buffer, pH value, ammonium sulfate, temperature, methanol, and additives based on BSM, establishing a modified defined medium. These results showed that it was necessary to establish recombinant K. phaffii-based special defined medium although the same host cell used for different heterologous protein expression.     

毕赤酵母中外源表达脂肪酰-CoA还原酶生产脂肪醇

【目的】通过在毕赤酵母Komagataella pastoris GS115中外源表达来源于霍霍巴[Simmondsia chinensis(Jojoba)]的脂肪酰-Co A还原酶Jojoba FAR,利用微生物发酵生产脂肪醇。【方法】以质粒p RL105为模板PCR扩增获得霍霍巴脂肪酰-Co A还原酶的编码基因,以p GAPZαA为载体构建重组表达质粒p GAP-far,并通过电转化法转入K.pastoris GS115,筛选转化子并发酵,气相色谱-质谱联用检测发酵产物。【结果】构建了毕赤酵母重组菌株p GAPZ-far-GS115,通过摇瓶发酵检测到脂肪醇的合成。随后在7 L规模的发酵罐上发酵验证,得到脂肪醇产量为134.74 mg/L,产率为1.22 mg/(L·h)。【结论】实现了脂肪醇在毕赤酵母中的生物合成,为工业上利用毕赤酵母生产脂肪醇奠定了一定基础。     

巴斯德毕赤酵母甲醇诱导表达磷脂酶A2的转录组学分析

【目的】基于转录组学技术研究表达磷脂酶A_2的毕赤酵母重组菌在甲醇诱导表达外源蛋白时的基因表达差异,从而解析外源蛋白高效诱导表达机制,为进一步工程菌株的改造提供理论支撑。【方法】以一株产磷脂酶(PLA_2)的毕赤酵母为出发菌株,采用RNA-Seq二代测序方法,研究在甘油培养和甲醇诱导两种条件下,重组毕赤酵母转录组基因表达差异情况。【结果】重组毕赤酵母中共鉴定到5225个转录本。甘油培养与甲醇诱导相比,共有857个基因发生显著变化。依据代谢途径分类,差异基因集中在核糖体成分、甲醇代谢、磷酸戊糖途径、糖酵解途径、柠檬酸循环、乙醛酸循环以及蛋白质加工过程。【结论】通过分析甲醇诱导前后的差异表达基因,结果表明碳源改变对胞内代谢会产生全局影响。本研究结果为进一步研究毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白的机制提供了基础。     

Whole cell biosynthetic activity of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) GS115 strains engineered with transgenes encoding Chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase alone or combined with native transketolase

Whole cell biocatalysis is an ideal tool for biotransformations that demand enzyme regeneration or robustness to fluctuating pH, osmolarity and biocontaminant load in feedstocks. The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is an attractive alternative to Escherichia coli for whole cell biocatalysis due to its genetic tractability and capacity to grow to up to 60% wet cell weight by volume. We sought to exploit high cell density K. phaffii to intensify whole-cell chiral amino-alcohol (CAA) biosynthesis. We engineered two novel K. phaffii GS115 strains: one by inserting a Chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase CV2025 transgene, for strain PpTAmCV708, and a second strain, PpTAm-TK16, by also inserting the same CV2025 transgene plus a second transgene for a native transketolase. At high cell density, both strains tolerated high substrate concentrations. When fed three low cost substrates, 200 mM glycolaldehyde, 200 mM hydroxypyruvate and 150 mM methylbenzylamine, PpTAm-TK16 whole cells achieved 0.29 g L⁻¹ hr⁻¹ space–time yield of the acetophenone by-product, a 49-fold increase of the highest levels reported for E. coli whole cells harboring the equivalent pathway. When fed only the low-cost substrate, 150 mM methylbenzylamine, strain PpTAmCV708 achieved a 105-fold increase of reported E. coli whole cell biocatalysis performance, with a space–time yield of 0.62 g L⁻¹ hr⁻¹ of the CAA, 2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol (ABT). The rapid growth and high biomass characteristics of K. phaffii were successfully exploited for production of ABT by whole-cell biocatalysis at higher levels than the previously achieved with E. coli in the presence of the same substrates.     

Biosensor-assisted engineering of a high-yield Pichia pastoris cell-free protein synthesis platform

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has recently undergone a resurgence partly due to the proliferation of synthetic biology. The variety of hosts used for cell-free extract production has increased, which harnesses the diversity of cellular biosynthetic, protein folding, and posttranslational modification capabilities available. Here we describe a CFPS platform derived from Pichia pastoris, a popular recombinant protein expression host both in academia and the biopharmaceutical industry. A novel ribosome biosensor was developed to optimize the cell extract harvest time. Using this biosensor, we identified a potential bottleneck in ribosome content. Therefore, we undertook strain engineering to overexpress global regulators of ribosome biogenesis to increase in vitro protein production. CFPS extracts from the strain overexpressing FHL1 had a three-fold increase in recombinant protein yield compared with those from the wild-type X33 strain. Furthermore, our novel CFPS platform can produce complex therapeutic proteins, as exemplified by the production of human serum albumin to a final yield of 48.1 μg ml ⁻¹. Therefore, this study not only adds to the growing number of CFPS systems from diverse organisms but also provides a blueprint for rapidly engineering new strains with increased productivity in vitro that could be applied to other organisms.     

Metabolic modeling to identify engineering targets for Komagataella phaffii: The effect of biomass composition on gene target identification

Genome‐scale metabolic models are valuable tools for the design of novel strains of industrial microorganisms, such as Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris). However, as is the case for many industrial microbes, there is no executable metabolic model for K. phaffiii that confirms to current standards by providing the metabolite and reactions IDs, to facilitate model extension and reuse, and gene‐reaction associations to enable identification of targets for genetic manipulation. In order to remedy this deficiency, we decided to reconstruct the genome‐scale metabolic model of K. phaffii by reconciling the extant models and performing extensive manual curation in order to construct an executable model (Kp.1.0) that conforms to current standards. We then used this model to study the effect of biomass composition on the predictive success of the model. Twelve different biomass compositions obtained from published empirical data obtained under a range of growth conditions were employed in this investigation. We found that the success of Kp1.0 in predicting both gene essentiality and growth characteristics was relatively unaffected by biomass composition. However, we found that biomass composition had a profound effect on the distribution of the fluxes involved in lipid, DNA, and steroid biosynthetic processes, cellular alcohol metabolic process, and oxidation‐reduction process. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of biomass composition on the identification of suitable target genes for strain development. The analyses revealed that around 40% of the predictions of the effect of gene overexpression or deletion changed depending on the representation of biomass composition in the model. Considering the robustness of the in silico flux distributions to the changing biomass representations enables better interpretation of experimental results, reduces the risk of wrong target identification, and so both speeds and improves the process of directed strain development.     

毕赤酵母外源蛋白分泌途径的研究进展

毕赤酵母作为一种重要的表达外源蛋白的宿主,提高其外源蛋白的分泌量非常有必要。近年来很多学者报道了与毕赤酵母外源蛋白分泌相关的基因、蛋白质,同时毕赤酵母基因组的公布加快了这方面的研究进展。文章根据外源蛋白分泌的途径,分步骤地总结了涉及的基因和蛋白,有利于分析控制蛋白分泌效率的具体步骤,为构建更加高效的毕赤酵母表达系统提供参考。