中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(二)：植夫橐吾的名实订正

通过文献和标本考证,发现《中国植物志》第77卷第2分册和《Flora of China》第20~21卷中均误将黑穗橐吾(Ligularia melanothyrsa Hand.-Mazz.)鉴定为植夫橐吾(L. fangiana Hand.-Mazz.),而真正的植夫橐吾应处理为川鄂橐吾[L. wilsoniana (Hemsl.) Greenm.]的异名。     

Comparative analysis of genetic relationship and diagnostic markers of several taxa of Guizotia Cass. (Asteraceae) as revealed by AFLPs and RAPDs

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were employed to examine the genetic relationship between Guizotia taxa, to suggest the taxonomic status of some of these taxa, and to identify their diagnostic markers. Results from AFLPs and RAPDs share some features in common, both revealing G. scabra ssp. schimperi as the most closely related taxon to G. abyssinica, and indicating that G. arborescens and G. zavattarii are the most divergent taxa. Most of the diagnostic markers revealed in this study were specific to G. arborescens and G. zavattarii. Our analysis suggests that G. scabra ssp. scabra, G. scabra ssp. schimperi, Chelelu and Ketcha are separate species. In this study, AFLP was found to be superior to RAPD in detecting genetic variation, in internal consistency of the data and in the fitness of its clusters to genetic similarity data. AFLPs revealed genetic relationship between Guizotia taxa that is more inline with the cytogenetic and hybridization studies than that revealed by RAPDs.     

大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究

本文概述了大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究。着重介绍了其中所含的香豆素类化合物的化学结构特点、光谱特征及生物活性。     

菊三七属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

菊科菊三七属植物中含有生物碱类、黄酮类、香豆素类、三萜类、甾体类及其皂苷、倍半萜类、酚酸类、脑苷脂类等化学成分,具有良好的止血、降血糖、降血压、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗凝血等药理活性。可见,该属植物化学成分丰富,药理活性多样,极具药用及食用保健价值。本文就近年来菊三七属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展作一综述。     

Regeneration of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) CV Sahyadri from seedling explants

Root, hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) CV. Sahyadri were aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (MS) containing BAP and kinetin. Multiple shoot regeneration was induced from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants while root explants produced only callus on MS medium supplemented with BAP. BAP (1 mg l^-1) was optimum for shoot regeneration. Regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium without auxins, with auxins and with increasing concentrations of sucrose for rooting. Complete plantlets were obtained in all cases; however, 0.5 mg l^-1 NAA was the best for induction of roots. Ninety-seven per cent of the plantlets survived and completed their life cycle when transferred to natural conditions.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylamino purine - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid     

苦荬菜属植物化学研究进展

对近些年来发表的有关苦荬菜属的化学成分进行了综述,主要为倍半萜内酯类、三萜类成分。     

中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(一)：狭舌橐吾的名实订正

由于对模式标本考证有误,狭舌橐吾(Ligularia angustiligulata C.C.Chang)长期以来被处理为沼生橐吾[L.lamarum(Diels)C.C.Chang]的异名。经我们考证,狭舌橐吾的主模式应为藏于PE的蔡希陶58004号标本(为唯一有狭舌橐吾的作者张肇骞先生所写定名签的标本),LBG藏有1份同号模式标本,它们与狭舌橐吾的原白完全吻合,而藏于KUN(2份)和SZ(1份)的同号标本与狭舌橐吾的原白在一些重要性状上相冲突,均非狭舌橐吾的模式标本;进而发现狭舌橐吾与叶状鞘橐吾(L.phyllocoleaHand.-Mazz.)在形态上没有本质区别,故应处理为后者的异名,而藏于KUN和SZ的3份标本均属于沼生橐吾。同时还指出长柄橐吾(L.longipes C.C.Chang)的名实有待进一步研究,其模式与叶状鞘橐吾有较大区别,似不宜将其处理为叶状鞘橐吾的异名。     

山东广义苦荬菜属(菊科)叶表皮微形态的研究

对山东广义苦荬菜属植物叶表皮微形态进行了光镜下的观察研究。结果表明:山东广义苦荬菜属9种植物叶表皮微形态可分为四种类型:(1)小苦荬型:上、下表皮均有气孔器,气孔器为不规则型,偶有非典型不等型,上、下表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁波状;(2)黄瓜菜型:上表皮无气孔器,下表皮气孔器为不规则型,偶有非典型不等型,上、下表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁深波状;(3)沙苦荬型:上、下表皮均有气孔器,气孔器为不规则型,偶有非典型不等型,上、下表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直、弓形;(4)苦荬菜型:上、下表皮均有气孔器,气孔器为不规则型,偶有非典型不等型,上表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁波状,下表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁弓形;与中国植物志把广义苦荬菜属划分为4个属的意见相一致。