基因工程技术在花卉中的应用

近年来花卉产业得到了蓬勃发展,不断成熟的基因工程技术为花卉的品质改良提供了新的思路,也为花卉产业化发展带来了新的机遇。本文综述了影响植物花色、花型、花期等相关基因及转基因的研究,展望了基因工程技术在花卉育种和产业化应用的发展前景。     

转基因抗虫玉米发展现状与展望*

转基因抗虫玉米的商业化种植,成为大幅提高农业生产力的主要推进器之一。近年来,转基因抗虫玉米产业化规模不断扩大,有效控制了靶标害虫的发生危害,降低了化学杀虫剂的施用,为粮食安全与农民增收提供了重要保障。介绍了全球转基因抗虫玉米的发展现状,分析了与转基因抗虫玉米种植相关的生态问题,并提出了推进转基因抗虫玉米在我国产业化的相关建议。     

Poly(butylene succinate) and its copolymers: research, development and industrialization

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolymers are a family of biodegradable polymers with excellent biodegradability, thermoplastic processability and balanced mechanical properties. In this article, production of the monomers succinic acid and butanediol, synthesis, processing and properties of PBS and its copolymers are reviewed. The physical properties and biodegradation rate of PBS materials can be varied in a wide range through copolymerization with different types and various contents of monomers. PBS has a wide temperature window for thermoplastic processing, which makes the resin suitable for extrusion, injection molding, thermoforming and film blowing. Finally, we summarized industrialization and applications of PBS.     

抗草甘膦EPSPS基因的专利保护分析

抗草甘膦转基因作物是目前全球播种面积最大的转基因作物,抗草甘膦基因（EPSPS）的克隆、表达及其功能验证等也因此成为现代分子生物育种研究的重点,利用专利等知识产权保护措施将这些功能基因和转化技术转变成自己的独占产权是发达国家和生物技术公司普遍采取的发展策略。通过检索搜集全球范围内EPSPS基因的专利和转化品系信息,分析研究了EPSPS基因在全球的专利保护、核心技术专利分布与产业化运用状况。结果表明,近几年对EPSPS的专利申请量迅速增加,专利申请人主要集中在美国、法国、中国等国家,但是核心技术和产业化应用的绝大部分专利由孟山都、拜耳、先锋、先正达等跨国公司拥有,相关产业的发展主动权也由此被其掌控。     

海洋生物制药现状及展望

现代生物技术在制药产业中发挥了重要作用,海洋生物技术的出现和发展推动了海洋生 物药物的研究,是今后生物技术药物的发展方向。综述了生物技术在海洋药物开发中的应用,并 展望了新世纪海洋生物制药的前景。     

基于专利信息分析的中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化研究*

目的:基于专利信息对我国3D生物打印技术的发展态势进行分析。方法:本文基于incopat和TDA两大专利分析平台对中国3D生物打印的专利发展态势从专利统计分析与专利计量分析两个维度进行了跨库组合分析,总结了我国3D生物打印技术的专利前沿动态特征。结果:研究发现,中国3D生物打印技术从2013年起进入专利激增态势,中国作为潜在技术市场的国际竞争日趋激烈,本文还从专利申请人、技术领域分布、专利文本关键词聚类、专利价值、专利合作等方面进行了深度挖掘分析。结论:最后,结合对中国3D生物打印专利申请人的专利产业化案例深度分析与专利特征总结,为中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化提供参考建议。     

Pollutant fate and spatio-temporal variation and degree of sedimentation of industrial- and municipal wastes in Chakbandi drain and River Chenab

This study’s objective was to assess a seasonal impact of industrial and sewage waste disposal on water quality of the river upstream Trimu Head. Considering the significance of the river, drain wastewater was analyzed during the summer and the winter seasons from pre-determined locations. Water quality parameters were recorded higher than the maximum permissible limits prescribed by WHO for freshwater bodies. Level of these Physio-chemical variables was higher in the winter due to the least amount of water from domestic sewage. Although some of these parameters indicated sedimentation hitherto the water quality of River Chenab was found very poor due to the pollution bestowed by tributary waste water from drains. Findings of this investigation suggest the importance of continuous monitoring and assessment to improve the water quality of the river. This study provides a baseline data which may be compared to assess any further deterioration in the water quality and may also be used to plan future monitoring and required restoration of habitat for the safe supply of fish to the population of this region.     

Implications of 19th century landscape patterns for the recovery of Fagus crenata forests

Questions: What is the effect of the 19th century (pre‐industrialization) landscape pattern on the recovery of climax forests in cool‐temperate mountain areas dominated by Fagus crenata (Japanese beech)? Location: Secondary forests on Mt. Daisen, western Japan. Methods: Vegetation patterns before and after industrialization were obtained from maps drawn in 1898 and 1979. Tree measurements were made in 12 plots in 1997. Correlation between current Fagus crenata dominance and forest edge in the 19th century was analysed using an S‐shaped regression curve. Fagus juvenile density was counted in the plots, and distances from each plot to the five nearest mother trees were measured to determine the dispersal kernel. Results: Secondary grassland covered a substantial area in 1898, whereas forest covered most of the area in 1997. Fagus was dominant in places in the interior forest 100 years ago, and mature Fagus trees were absent in secondary forests that had been grasslands in 1898. The expected number of juveniles decreased to one individual per 100 m² at 43.5 m from the mother tree. Conclusions: The pre‐industrialization landscape greatly affected recovery of Fagus forest. Forests found on the 1898 vegetation map might have acted as refugia for Fagus. The limited dispersal ability of Fagus suggests that it would take many generations (several hundred years) for Fagus forests to recover at the centre of what had been grasslands in the 19th century.     

辛香料资源高效利用与产业化进展

本文介绍了“辛香料资源高效利用与产业化研究”课题的研究内容和研究进展。     

我国抗体药物产业化发展的策略探讨

随着重组抗体药物展示出良好的治疗效果和市场效益,抗体药物的研发逐渐成为生物医药产业发展的主要方向。但是目前国内动物细胞表达水平普遍较低和发酵工艺落后的现状制约了我国抗体药物产业化的发展。主要综述了国际抗体药物产业的发展态势,重点比较二氢叶酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶表达体系、连续灌注和流加培养发酵模式的各自优势,结合我们抗体药物表达、发酵方面的经验,对当前我国抗体药物产业化发展策略进行了探讨,提出抗体药物产业化模式应根据企业对抗体产率、产能和市场经济学的多重考虑选择发酵工艺和发酵规模,应用谷氨酰胺合成酶/CHO-K1表达系统和连续灌注培养工艺可能更适应目前中国抗体产业化的需要。