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排序方式: 共有78条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
John E. Randall Stephen M. Head Adrian P. L. Sanders 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1978,3(2):235-238
Synopsis The giant humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), an inhabitant of coral reefs, is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Stomach and intestinal contents of 72 specimens from the Pacific and the Red Sea revealed that this fish feeds primarily on mollusks, fishes, echinoids, and crustaceans.This article is one of several presented at the Second European Ichthyological Congress, Paris, 8-15 September 1976, to be published by Environmental Biology of Fishes. 相似文献
2.
Nguyen Ngoc-Ho 《Hydrobiologia》2001,449(1-3):47-58
New material described recently permits the separation of six upogebiid species into the new genus Austinogebia, for which the diagnostic characters and a key are presented. The new taxon is compared to its close relative, Gebiacantha Ngoc-Ho, 1989, and the opportunity is taken to rediagnose the latter. 相似文献
3.
John A. H. Benzie Suzanne T. Williams 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1997,51(3):768-783
The Pacific marine biota, particularly species with long planktonic larval stages, are thought to disperse widely throughout the Pacific via ocean currents. The little genetic data available to date has supported this view in that little or no significant regional differentiation of populations has been found over large geographical distances. However, recent data from giant clams has demonstrated not only significant regional differentiation of populations, but routes of gene flow that run perpendicular to the main present-day ocean currents. Extensive surveys of genetic variation at eight polymorphic loci in 19 populations of the giant clam Tridacna maxima, sampled throughout the West and Central Pacific, confirmed that the patterns of variation seen so far in T. gigas were not unique to that species, and may reflect a fundamental genetic structuring of shallow-water marine taxa. Populations of T. maxima within highly connected reef systems like the Great Barrier Reef were panmictic (average FST < 0.003), but highly significant genetic differences between reef groups on different archipelagos (average FST = 0.084) and between West and Central Pacific regions (average FST = 0.156) were found. Inferred gene flow was high (Nem usually > 5) between the Philippines and the Great Barrier Reef, between the Philippines and Melanesia (the Solomon Islands and Fiji), and between the Philippines and the Central Pacific island groups (Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Tuvalu and Cook Islands). Gene flow was low between these three sets of island chains (Nem < 2). These routes of gene flow are perpendicular to present-day ocean currents. It is suggested that the spatial patterns of gene frequencies reflect past episodes of dispersal at times of lower sea levels which have not been erased by subsequent dispersal by present-day circulation. The patterns are consistent with extensive dispersal of marine species in the Pacific, and with traditional views of dispersal from the Indo-Malay region. However, they demonstrate that dispersal along present-day ocean surface currents cannot be assumed, that other mechanisms may operate today or that major dispersal events are intermittent (perhaps separated by several thousands of years), and that the nature and timing of dispersal of Pacific marine species is more complex than has been thought. 相似文献
4.
5.
"Flipper rubbing" behavior was quantitatively analyzed in wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) around Mikura Island, Tokyo, Japan. We observed two types of flipper rubbing: (1) F-B rubbing; one dolphin (Rubber) rubbed its flipper over various parts of a partner's (Rubbee) body, and (2) F-F rubbing; both dolphins rubbed each other's anterior flipper edge in alternating shifts. F-B rubbings tended to be initiated by the Rubbee and were terminated by the Rubber. The Rubbee often moved actively its body part that was in contact with the Rubber's flipper, and assumed side-up, upside-down, or other postures while the Rubber remained horizontal in most cases. These facts suggest that the Rubbee engaged in F-B rubbing more actively than the Rubber, and might receive some benefit from the frictional contact during F-B rubbing. Dolphins often switched their roles as Rubber and Rubbee between episodes of flipper rubbing bout. Adults and sub-adults exchanged F-B rubbing and F-F rubbing most often with individuals of the same sex in the same age class. F-B rubbing was frequent in mother-and-calf dyads. Our results suggest that flipper rubbing is an affiliative behavior which could be a quantitative measure of social relationships among individuals of this species in future studies. 相似文献
6.
A new species of giant clam from northern Australian coastal waters is distinguished principally on genetic evidence. Of Recent tridacnids, Tridacna ningaloo n. sp. is morphologically closest to the most widespread species in the Indo-Pacific, Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798), yet genetically closest to the species pair T. squamosa Lamarck, 1819 plus T. crocea Lamarck, 1819. Genotype data are provided for the type material of T. ningaloo n. sp. The greatest significance of this new, cryptic species is that it casts doubt on the correctness of the ‘historical’ giant clam species defined solely on conchological characters, particularly T. maxima. This paper supports the retention of all giant clams in the family Tridacnidae, as distinct from the Cardiidae, because of their numerous morphological apomorphies, specialised ecological niche, and independent acquisition of symbiotic zooxanthellae. 相似文献
7.
HABITAT USE AND PREFERENCES OF INDO-PACIFIC HUMPBACK DOLPHINS SOUSA CHINENSIS IN ALGOA BAY, SOUTH AFRICA 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper examines environmental and behavioral determinants of the habitat use and preferences of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins inhabiting the Algoa Bay region on the south Eastern Cape coast of South Africa. In order to quantify the habitat use and preference, two indices were used, the Coefficient of Area Use (AU) and the Activity Index (AI). The dolphins inhabit a narrow strip of shallow, inshore waters of Algoa Bay and remain mostly within 400 m of the shore, in water less than 15 m deep, with no apparent preference for clear or turbid water. Water depth is probably the main factor limiting their inshore distribution, and the 25-m isobath seems to represent the critical depth. Within this confined, inshore distribution, dolphin activities concentrate in the vicinity of rocky reefs-their primary feeding grounds. Dolphin dependence on these shallow-water habitats is evident throughout the year and, consequently, the inshore shallow reefs are identified as the "key habitat" which is of primary importance for humpback dolphins in Eastern Cape waters. The dolphins' dependence on this restricted type of habitat within an already restricted inshore distribution makes them particularly vulnerable to alteration or loss of this habitat. 相似文献
8.
GARDEN C. WALLACE 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1997,120(1):27-50
Six new species of the coral genus Acropora arc described from Indonesia. These include a species which is remarkable for tubercular cocnostcal structures similar to those of the confamilial genus Montipora. The new species include three regional endemics (A. togianensis and A. batunai from central east Sulawesi and A. derawanensis from east Kalimantan), one species with broad distribution across the southern island chains (A. sukarnoi) and two species which occur throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago (A. Indonesia and A. hoeksemai). A further two species described from Western Australia and Papua New Guinea in 1994 (A. turaki and A. jacquelineae respectively) are recorded from Indonesia for the first time, as common members of an unusual assemblage type in the Togian Islands. The range of another species described from Lombok in 1994 (A. suharsonoi) is extended into Bali. With A. desalwii, A. lokani and A. indiana , this brings to 12 the number of Acropora species newly recorded as being endemic to the Indonesian archipelago or to Indonesia and one adjoining region (either the Indian Ocean or the western Pacific). 相似文献
9.
Many cetaceans are killed as a result of intensive anthropogenic impacts, and those that survive often endure wounds or scars. This study is the first report of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) that is missing its upper rostrum. This individual has inhabited Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province, China, for more than 3 years. Since the lower jaw and the other part around the upper jaw are intact, it is likely that the upper jaw was entangled in fishing nets or pipelines and subsequently broke off. Without the upper rostrum, this dolphin cannot snap prey, but it may use other feeding strategies – and the fact that this individual has survived for more than 3 years without its upper rostrum provides a novel insight into the ability of this species to persist in the wild. 相似文献
10.
Stanley D. Blum 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1989,25(1-3):9-31
Synopsis A recent survey of chaetodontid osteology has produced a hypothesis of relationships among 22 osteologically distinct genera
and subgenera. Fourteen supra-specific taxa have distributions that are Indo-Pacific or larger. Most sister taxa inferred
by osteology are broadly sympatric. The basal dichotomy within the large genusChaetodon contrasts monophyletic groups centered in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific with little overlap. Divergence of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific
distributions is correlated with the closing of the Tethys seaway 18–13 million years ago. Distributional data of Burgess
(1978) and Allen (1980) are reevaluated in the context of putative species pairs and complexes. Species in nearly two thirds
of these complexes (18 of 31) are distributed allopatrically. Eight complexes are examined in more detail. Five of these eight
contain at least one peripherically isolated species. Distributions of species in four complexes indicate that previously
wide-spread species were cleaved more symmetrically. Sympatric distributions within two species pairs indicate that the more
narrowly distributed species in each pair arose through central isolation within a broadly distributed ancestor. The area
of central isolation corresponds to the classical center of origin. A new hypothesis of vicariance followed by dispersal may
partially explain the diversity gradient so prominently featured in dispersal-oriented tropical marine biogeography. 相似文献