云南西双版纳植物区系新资料

<正> 多年生草本,茎细长而匍匐,节上生根。叶片膜质,近圆形或肾形,长0.5—1.5厘米,宽0.7—2.5厘米,基部心形,5—7裂,裂片阔倒卵形,边缘有钝齿,掌状脉6—8,上面疏生明显的刺状毛,下面光滑;叶柄长0.7—3厘米,无毛;托叶小,薄膜质,近肾形,具不规则的浅裂。聚伞状伞形花序通常顶生,与叶对生,有花序2—3,花序梗纤细,两侧的花序梗长达1厘米,中间的花序梗仅长1—2毫米,小总苞披针形,长约1毫米,膜质,小伞形花宇有花2—5,花无柄,花瓣卵形,长约0.5     

肾叶天胡荽精油的超临界CO2萃取、成分分析及杀虫活性初探

采用正交实验设计,对肾叶天胡荽（Hydrocotyle wigordi Maxim．）精油超临界CO2萃取条件进行了优化,并用GC—MS分析技术对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,初步探讨了肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,肾叶天胡荽精油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度50℃、解析压力5MPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间75min、CO2流量34—36L·h^-1,精油得率最高可达5．32％。从精油中共鉴定出19种成分,总相对含量达到89．266％,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（64．302％）。用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有一定的触杀作用,20g·L^-1精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的24h校正死亡率高达90．00％。     

黔产天胡荽挥发油化学成分的研究

为了研究黔产天胡荽挥发油的化学成分并初步探讨其抑菌活性,本文采用了水蒸气蒸馏法从天胡荽中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS法采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,GC法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量;采用滤纸片法,探讨了其对多种细菌的抑制活性。通过研究,共鉴定了38个成分,占挥发油成分的89．99％以上,且发现其对多种细菌有一定的抑制活性,本研究为对黔产天胡荽植物的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

New Taxa of Umbelliferae from China

Five new taxa of the family Umbelliferae are described from China They are Pimpinella filipedicellata S. L. Liou, Acronema yadongense S. L. Liou, Sinocarum bijiangense S. L. Liou, Hydrocotyle salwinica var. obtusiloba S. L. Liou, Cryptotaenia japonica f. pinnatisecta S. L. Liou.     

DNA barcoding discriminates the noxious invasive plant species, floating pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f.), from non-invasive relatives

Floating pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f.), a member of the plant family Araliaceae originating from North America, is an example of an invasive aquatic species posing serious problems to the management of waterways outside of its original distribution area in Australia and Western Europe. As a consequence, its import was banned in the Netherlands. It can be difficult to distinguish H. ranunculoides from other species of the genus on a morphological basis. In this regard, DNA barcoding may become a good alternative once this could be performed on a routine basis. In this study, we show that it is possible to distinguish H. ranunculoides from a series of closely related congeners by using a single plastid DNA sequence, trnH-psbA.     

Response of the waterbird community to floating pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) cover at Ngamo dam,Antelope Park,Zimbabwe.

Little is known on the influence of invasive aquatic weeds on afro‐tropical waterbird communities. We used bird counts in sites of varying floating pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides cover to explore the relationship between the weed and the waterbird community dynamics at Ngamo dam, Antelope Park, Zimbabwe. Waterbird communities in low‐to‐medium weed cover sites were more diverse and abundant compared to sites of high weed cover. In addition to supporting birds such as African Jacana which are able to forage within dense aquatic plants, high weed cover sites were associated with birds whose diets include invertebrates and fish which are likely more abundant and diverse in these sites. In contrast, low‐to‐medium weed cover sites were associated with bird species such as Common Moorhen, Great Egret, Pied Kingfisher and African Fish Eagle which require accessible open water and forage for diving, swimming or wading. The increased bird abundance in low‐to‐medium weed cover sites also likely increases prey for predatory birds. Thus, the negative changes in the waterbird community composition, abundance and diversity in response to increasing floating pennywort cover reflects species‐specific tolerances to floating pennywort and its influence on accessible open water, foraging sites and prey availability.     

天胡荽属药用植物的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的含量测定

目的:建立天胡荽属植物的积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷HPLC含量分析的方法,为开发利用天胡荽属植物药用资源奠定基础。方法:以积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷为指标成分,采用高效液相色谱法,以Symmetry C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱;乙腈-水(29∶71,v/v)为流动相;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长210 nm,外标法进行测定。结果:积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=34 958X+154 822 R2=0.999 1(n=8),羟基积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=114 318X-21 002 R2=0.999 2(n=8),结果表明线性关系与分离度良好,平均加样回收率为99.98%、100.53%,RSD为1.86%、2.31%。结论:该方法稳定性、重复性良好,可做为天胡荽属药用资源的评价方法之一,实验结果为野生与栽培资源的开发与利用奠定了基础。     

红马蹄草的生态生物学特征及其扦插繁殖

为了解红马蹄草(Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook.)的生态生物学特征, 对其形态解剖特征及光合特性进行了研究。结果表明, 红马蹄草叶片较薄, 栅栏组织不发达, 海绵组织与栅栏组织厚度之比较大;遮荫条件下叶片的净光合速率日变化呈单峰型, 具有较低的光补偿点、光饱和点、叶绿素a/b 以及较高的表观量子效率、总叶绿素含量、叶绿素b 含量, 这显示其耐荫特性, 对弱光环境的适应能力和利用弱光的能力较强。同时, 红马蹄草扦插繁殖迅速, 成活率较高, 以荫蔽潮湿的生长环境为佳。因此, 红马蹄草适合生长在弱光环境中, 因其具有较高的观赏价值, 是一种值得大力推广的地被植物。     

南美天胡荽及其根际土壤水浸提液化感成分分析

为探讨南美天胡荽对其他植物种子萌发的影响以及筛选影响其他植物的主要化合物,该文采用种子萌发试验、气相色谱-质谱联用以及液相色谱-质谱联用的方法,分析了南美天胡荽不同溶剂浸提液对种子萌发的影响、南美天胡荽植株及其根际土壤浸提液成分。结果表明:(1)南美天胡荽不同溶剂浸提物均具有一定程度的抑制种子萌发作用。(2)气相色谱-质谱分析下,南美天胡荽植株水浸提液中共分离鉴定了35种化合物,其中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(15.2%)、10,15-十八烷二元酸(8.58%)、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚(6.81%)相对含量最高;根际土壤水浸提液中共分离鉴定了17种化合物,其中,油酸酰胺(26.47%)、正二十七烷(9.63%)、十六酸乙酯(4.83%)相对含量最高。(3)液相色谱-质谱分析下,南美天胡荽植株水浸提液共分离鉴定了109种化合物,ESI⁺模式下,L-苯丙氨酸(3 483.99 ng·mg^-1)、木犀草素(2 306.64 ng·mg^-1)含量最多,ESI^-模式下,右旋奎宁酸(21 827.71 ng·mg     

Management of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., an aquatic invasive weed of urban waterways in Western Australia

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. is a stoloniferous perennial plant with floating and emergent leaves that is native to Europe. It is commonly used as an aquarium plant with little published information on its biology and natural range. In 1983 H. ranunculoides was first observed in the urban drainage network in the Canning River Regional Park, Western Australia. By 1991 the plant had extended throughout the drainage network into the river and adjacent wetlands. H. ranunculoides formed extensive mats, disrupting the ecology and recreational uses of the waterways, and posed a threat to other waterways. It is not known to be invasive in other Australian waterways. A group of state and local government and community members assessed environmental, technical and social interactions and developed an integrated managementstrategy for the weed, using a combination of physical, chemical and ecological techniques. The environmental significance of the affected waterways required the programme to be accompanied by appropriate ecological surveillance. The initial short-term control phase was completed successfully. An assessment of water quality and aquatic invertebrates during the initial phase showed only short-term disruption of river ecology following physical and chemical control. The long-term eradication phase is on-going.