Continuous culture of Humicola lutea 120-5 for acid proteinase production

Acid proteinase production by the fungus Humicola lutea 120-5 in continuous culture was studied. The maximum activity of the culture broth reached 2200 U/ml at a dilution rate (D) of 0.05/h. The continuous process was carried out for 1 month without any bacterial contamination, due to low pH (3.0–3.5) during the cultivation.     

The Nutritional Value of D-Amino Acid in the Chick Nutrition

The nutritional values of 16 D-amino acids in chick growth were studied on the purified diets containing crystalline amino acids as a sole source of nitrogen. Growth rate, feed consumption and nitrogen retention were measured. The nutritional values of D-amino acids were studied by comparing individually with the control groups fed on the diet containing all L-amino acids and negative control groups fed with the diet omitted the corresponding L-isomer. The following results were obtained. Essential amino acids: 1. Equal or almost equal nutritional value to the corresponding L-isomer; methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, proline. 2. Half nutritional value compared with L-isomer; valine. 3. Small nutritional value compared with L-isomer; tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine. 4. No nutritional value; lysine, threonine, arginine. Non-essential amino acid: 1. Equal or almost equal nutritional value to the corresponding L-isomer; serine, tyrosine, cystine. 2. There is a possibility that it has a slight growth retardation effect; alanine. 3. The growth retardation effect was found; aspartic acid.     

贵州省土壤中的暗色丝孢菌Ⅰ(英文)

采用土壤平板法和稀释平板法,从采自贵州省的20份土壤样品中分离得到14个暗色丝孢菌分离物,隶属于11属12种。其中,浅色腐殖霉Humicola pallescens为一新种,绿色暗梗单孢霉厚垣变种Chloridium virescens var.chlamy dosporum和印度粘束霉Graphiumindicum为中国新记录。对新种及中国新记录作了较详细的描述并绘图。其余9个国内已报道种亦作了生境和分布地点的引证。所有研究菌株的干制培养物标本与活菌种均存放在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

棕黑腐质霉(Humicola fuscoatra)导致真菌性腹膜炎1例

报道1例由棕黑腐质霉属(Humicola fuscoatra)导致的真菌性腹膜炎。此菌分离自1名长期腹膜透析患者的腹水。腐质霉属在自然界广泛存在,棕黑腐质霉导致的人类感染罕见。现对棕黑腐质霉的真菌学特点进行研究,并进行分子测序。体外药物敏感性试验结果对伊曲康唑的MIC为0.008μg/mL,伏立康唑的MIC为0.016μg/mL,两性霉素B的MIC为1.5μg/mL。患者拔除腹透管,改行血液透析。口服伊曲康唑0.1 g/12 h,28 d后病情明显改善,出院。     

特异腐质霉角质酶-OMP25融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

【目的】通过探究特异腐质霉角质酶-OMP25融合蛋白(HiC-OMP25)在不同大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌株中的表达情况、底物降解情况、热稳定性及宿主菌细胞膜通透性与细胞表面疏水性,揭示表达HiC-OMP25时不同宿主菌的差异性,并进一步提高HiC-OMP25在大肠杆菌中的表达量。【方法】分别在E.coli BL21(DE3)及E.coli C43(DE3)中表达HiC-OMP25,并测定其对对硝基苯丁酸酯(4-nitrophenol butyrate,pNPB)、聚丙烯酸乙酯(polyethyl acrylate,PEA)的降解效果、50℃稳定性;测定表达HiC-OMP25时宿主菌的细胞膜通透性及细胞表面疏水性变化;共表达伴侣蛋白提高HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中的表达量。【结果】HiC-OMP25在E.coli BL21(DE3)与E.coli C43(DE3)中均成功表达并降解pNPB,但前者对PEA的降解效果及50 ℃稳定性均低于后者。同时,表达HiC-OMP25显著增强了E.coli BL21(DE3)的细胞膜通透性及细胞表面疏水性。HiC-OMP25与巯基氧化酶(Erv1p)、二硫键异构酶(DsbC)在E.coli C43(DE3)中共表达时,其表达量为原始菌株的2.14倍,且对pNPB及PEA均有良好的降解效果。【结论】异源表达时,HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中正确折叠,而在E.coli BL21(DE3)中未完全正确折叠;通过共表达伴侣蛋白提高了HiC-OMP25在E.coli C43(DE3)中的表达量,为以后HiC-OMP25的工业化生产及应用奠定了基础。     

Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the cellulase genes of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea

We have cloned an endoglucanase (EGI) gene and a cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) gene of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea using a portion of the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I gene as a probe, and determined their nucleotide sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of EGI was 435 amino acids in length and the coding region was interrupted by an intron. The EGI lacks a hinge region and a cellulose-binding domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of CBHI was identical to the H. grisea CBHI previously reported, with the exception of three amino acids. The H. grisea EGI and CBHI show 39.8% and 37.7% identity with the T. Reesei EGI, respectively. In addition to TATA box and CAAT motifs, putative CREA binding sites were observed in the 5′ upstream regions of both genes. The cloned cellulase genes were expressed in Aspergillus oryzae and the gene products were purified. The optimal temperatures of CBHI and EGI were 60 °C and 55–60 °C, respectively. The optimal pHs of these enzymes were 5.0. CBHI and EGI had distinct substrate specificities: CBHI showed high activity toward Avicel, whereas EGI showed high activity toward carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).     

Lipases fromRhizomucor miehei andHumicola lanuginosa: Modification of the lid covering the active site alters enantioselectivity

The homologous lipases fromRhizomucor miehei andHumicola lanuginosa showed approximately the same enantioselectivity when 2-methyldecanoic acid esters were used as substrates. Both lipases preferentially hydrolyzed theS-enantiomer of 1-heptyl 2-methyldecanoate (R. miehei:E _S =8.5;H. lanuginosa:E _S =10.5), but theR-enantiomer of phenyl 2-methyldecanoate (E _R =2.9). Chemical arginine specific modification of theR. miehei lipase with 1,2-cyclohexanedione resulted in a decreased enantioselectivity (E _R =2.0), only when the phenyl ester was used as a substrate. In contrast, treatment with phenylglyoxal showed a decreased enantioselectivity (E _S =2.5) only when the heptyl ester was used as a substrate. The presence of guanidine, an arginine side chain analog, decreased the enantioselectivity with the heptyl ester (E _S =1.9) and increased the enantioselectivity with the aromatic ester (E _R =4.4) as substrates. The mutation, Glu 87 Ala, in the lid of theH. lanuginosa lipase, which might decrease the electrostatic stabilization of the open-lid conformation of the lipase, resulted in 47% activity compared to the native lipase, in a tributyrin assay. The Glu 87 Ala mutant showed an increased enantioselectivity with the heptyl ester (E _S =17.4) and a decreased enantioselectivity with the phenyl ester (E _R =2.5) as substrates, compared to native lipase. The enantioselectivities of both lipases in the esterification of 2-methyldecanoic acid with 1-heptanol were unaffected by the lid modifications.     

Enantioselective resolution of 3-phenylthio-2-propanol with Humicola lanuginosa lipase

The acetylation of 3-phenylthio-2-propanol (168 mg) was performed with vinyl acetate (1 ml) using different lipases from 15°C to 51°C. As a result, the (R)-enantiomer was selectively acetylated and the (S)-enantiomer was non-reactive in all the cases. An appropriate choice of conditions can be made to isolate both (R)-alcohol (ee 99%, 36 h, conversion 46%, sub/enz: 1/2) and (S)-alcohol (ee 93%, 38 h, conversion 46%, THF, sub/enz: 1 l^–1) using Humicola lanuginosalipase (Lipolase). Increasing the amount of enzyme increased the ee.     

Steady state and time resolved effects of guanidine hydrochloride on the structure of Humicola lanuginosa lipase revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy

Effects of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) on the structure and dynamics of wild-type Humicola lanuginosa lipase (HLL) and its two mutants were studied. The latter were S146A (with the active site Ser replaced by Ala) and the single Trp mutant W89m, with substitutions W117F, W221H, and W260H. Steady-state, stopped-flow, and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were carried out as a function of [GdnHCl]. The maximum emission wavelength and fluorescence lifetimes revealed the microenvironment of the tryptophan(s) in these lipases to become more polar upon increasing [GdnHCl]. However, significant extent of tertiary structure in GdnHCl is suggested by the observation that both wild-type HLL and W89m remain catalytically active at rather high GdnHCl concentrations of >6 and 4.0 M, respectively. Changes in steady-state emission anisotropy, as well as variation in rotational correlation times and residual anisotropy values, demonstrate that upon increasing [GdnHCl] the structure of the lipases became more loose, with increasing amplitude of structural fluctuations. Finally, intermediate states in the course of exposure of the proteins to GdnHCl were revealed by stopped-flow fluorescence measurements.