不同产地苍术药材化学成分的比较

江苏、安徽及湖北５个产地苍术（Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓｌａｎｃｅａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）ＤＣ．）商品药材的化学分析结果表明：它们在某些药材性状、一些常规化学成分、挥发油成分和含量上存在显著差异。江苏茅苍术根茎挥发油的化学成分复杂,由此探讨了它作为地道药材的特殊性。同时对苍术的“断面暴露稍久可析出结晶”的性状和《药典》（１９９０年版）规定的“层析谱上应显有苍术素斑点”的鉴别实验进行讨论。     

金银花花形基因的发掘及生物信息学分析

金银花作为我国重要的中药材,具有消炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、防癌等多种功效。随着金银花市场供需矛盾日益加剧,通过分子标记辅助选择育种方法来培育高产优质品种势在必行。通过NCBI的Blast工具扫描金银花蛋白组数据发掘花形候选基因,并执行候选基因的亲缘关系分析、结构域分析、表达模式分析、理化性质分析、蛋白质结构预测等一系列生物信息学分析。依据拟南芥调控花形的ABE类基因,通过NCBI-Blast工具扫描金银花氨基酸序列,筛选出包含MADS结构域的8个调控花形的金银花候选基因。经LjaFGD表达模式分析发现,金银花的花中GWHGAAZE016592和GWHGAAZE014905表达量显著高于其他部位,可能正向调控金银花花形。GWHGAAZE014905是一个包含MADS结构域的调控花器官发育的B类基因;GWHGAAZE016592是AP3同源基因。生物信息学分析发现,GWHGAAZE016592和GWHGAAZE014905均是稳定的亲水蛋白,属于非分泌蛋白,包括Motif1、Motif3、Motif4、Motif2、Motif6和Motif5,蛋白质三级结构模板为6byy.2.A和4ox0.2.C。GWHGAAZE014905被定位到细胞核上,而GWHGAAZE016592被定位到叶绿体上,且包含1个位于151~173 bp的跨膜螺旋区域,属于膜蛋白。研究结果为分子标记辅助选择方式培育道地高产优质金银花品种提供了基因资源和分子标记。     

Comparison of allometric relationships and morphological differences in Tilia cordata Mill. outer leaves exposed to different environmental conditions

The study is based on four leaf parameters: leaf width (LW), lobe length (LL), leaf size (LS) and leaf shape which is calculated as LW to leaf length (LW/LL) ratio. Under different environmental conditions, LL is an isometric character, LW shows positive allometry, whereas LW/LL shows negative allometry. Regression analysis results indicated that there is no significant difference either in slopes or in regression coefficients between investigated sites. Thus, in this study, we found that allometric relationships between leaf parameters and LS are character specific and that they tended not to differ significantly between Tilia cordata Mill. outer leaves exposed to different environmental conditions. Also, there are no significant interpopulation differences for both principal component PC1 and PC2 scores. The stepwise discriminant functional analysis results allowed us to identify a set of two leaf parameters (LS and LL) with a moderate discriminating ability (59.8%). T. cordata outer leaves are significantly larger and broader in the reference area (R-leaves) than leaves from polluted (P-leaves) site. The data also indicated that there is a relatively larger petiole size in R-leaves than in P-leaves. We found that in P-leaves, LW increased faster with increasing LS than in R-leaves.     

何首乌不同种质花粉形态及进化趋势研究

采用电镜扫描法,对48份何首乌种质的花粉形态进行了观察和分析。结果表明:何首乌花粉形状主要为椭球形,少量为长椭球形和近球形,部分种质花粉形状正处于椭球形向长椭球形进化的阶段;极面观主要为三裂圆形,部分种质的变异为半球状、四边形、凹陷状或平三角形;赤道面观主要为椭圆形,部分种质为三角形或四边形;萌发沟3条,狭长,几达两极,部分种质的1条或2条萌发沟中部或近极端处隆起,2条或3条萌发沟在极端处相交;表面纹饰为穴状,部分种质的穴中出现小孔。研究结果表明,何首乌物种正处于活跃进化阶段且因区域及生境的差异其进化速度不一致,低纬度地区的种质进化程度较高纬度地区的高,其最初的起源中心可能位于高纬度地区,在向低纬度地区迁移过程中其花粉形态发生了不同程度的变异。     

绞股蓝化学成分研究

采用多种色谱分离方法,从绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb)Makino.)地上部分分离得到8个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为24-乙基-△7,22-胆甾二烯-3-酮(1)、24-乙基-△7,22-胆甾二烯-3β-醇(2)、商陆素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、槲皮素(5)、叶黄素(6)、吐叶醇(7)和棕榈酸(8),其中1、2、6、7和8均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,7为首次从葫芦科植物中分离得到。     

土壤干旱胁迫对九头狮子草和圆苞金足草幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

采用称重控水法控制土壤相对含水量分别为(85.0±2.5)％(对照)、(67.5±2.5)％(轻度干旱)、(50.0±2.5)％(中度干旱)和(32.5±2.5)％(重度干旱),对土壤干旱胁迫条件下九头狮子草[Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.)Bremek.]和圆苞金足草(Goldfussia pentstemonoides Nees)2年生苗的植株形态及生理特性变化进行了研究.结果表明:经土壤干旱胁迫处理30 d后供试2种植物的外部形态均有一定变化,其中九头狮子草主要变化为叶片失绿、变薄且萎蔫、枝条下垂;圆苞金足草主要变化为茎干倒伏、叶片变软且叶柄低垂.随土壤干旱胁迫程度的增加,供试2种植物叶片的自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏、需水程度、束缚水含量、束缚水与自由水的含量比值、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐增加的趋势且均高于对照,而自由水含量、最高水势、最低水势和可溶性蛋白质含量均逐渐降低且总体上低于对照.总体上看,在重度干旱胁迫条件下供试2种植物各生理特性均与对照有极显著或显著差异,而在轻度或中度干旱胁迫条件下部分指标与对照无显著差异.供试2种植物各生理指标的变化幅度有明显差异,在同一干旱胁迫条件下九头狮子草叶片的自然饱和亏、需水程度、自由水含量、最高水势和最低水势的降幅、脯氨酸含量和可溶性蛋白质含量的降幅均高于圆苞金足草,其临界饱和亏、束缚水含量、束缚水与自由水的含量比值和可溶性糖含量均低于圆苞金足草.综合分析结果表明:供试2种植物对土壤干旱胁迫均具有一定的耐性,但圆苞金足草具有更强的抵御干旱的生理机制.     

Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Houttuynia cordata poultice

Houttuynia cordata (HC) has been commonly used as many traditional remedies in local areas of Japan. Although many pharmacological activities of HC have been reported, the mechanism underlying the effect of HC remains unknown. We conducted the interview survey in Japan to verify how HC was actually used. The interview survey revealed that HC poultice (HCP) prepared from smothering fresh leaves of HC was most frequently used for the treatment of purulent skin diseases including furuncle and carbuncle with high effectiveness. Ethanol extract of HCP (eHCP) showed anti-bacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and showed an anti-biofilm activity against MRSA. eHCP showed dose-dependent inhibition of S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced interleukin-8 and CCL20 production in human keratinocyte without any cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HCP is effective for skin abscess and its underlying mechanism might be the complicated multiple activities for both bacteria and host cells.     

白芨SSR引物筛选及群体遗传多样性研究

白芨(Bletilla striata Rchb.)为中国珍稀濒危植物,重要的药用植物。该研究基于Illumina测序技术构建白芨基因组文库和微卫星文库,设计白芨微卫星引物,用白芨4个野生种群80个个体对引物进行多态性检测,应用4个白芨近缘种中进行引物的通用性检测,并在此基础上分析了白芨的遗传多样性和遗传分化,以探讨白芨的遗传结构和进化潜能。结果表明:(1)白芨基因组中微卫星片断丰富,共检测出17 841条微卫星片断。基于白芨微卫星库对100个位点设计了引物对,经PCR扩增和检测筛选出能够稳定扩增的多态性位点20个,每个位点的复等位基因数(Na)在2~6之间,平均为3.85;20对引物的大部分能够在4个白芨近缘种中成功扩增。(2)白芨在物种水平均有较高的遗传多样性(Na=3.85,I=1.07,H=0.614 7),白芨种群遗传分化强烈(Gst=0.43),居群间的基因流较弱(Nm=0.867 6),居群聚类分析结果均表明地理距离较近的居群具有较近的遗传关系。     

新鲜及干燥槲树叶挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对其增香作用的研究

研究槲树叶中挥发油的化学成分及β-葡萄糖苷酶对其的增香作用,为进一步开发利用槲树资源提供理论支持.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取新鲜及干燥槲树叶挥发油,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其进行分析鉴定,用面积归一化法获得各化合物的相对含量,并对加入β-葡萄糖苷酶前后槲树叶挥发油化学成分进行比较.结果从新鲜槲树叶挥发油中共分离鉴定出32个化合物,干燥槲树叶中72个化合物,表明槲树叶中所含化学成分丰富但新鲜槲树叶与干燥槲树叶中化学成分差别大;加入β-葡萄糖苷酶提高了槲树叶中某些香精成分的相对含量,说明β-葡萄糖苷酶对槲树叶具有增香作用.     

EXAFS study on arsenic species and transformation in arsenic hyperaccumulator

Synchrotron radiation extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SR EXAFS) was employed to study the transformation of coordination environment and the redox speciation of arsenic in a newly discovered arsenic hyperaccumulator, Cretan brake (Pteris cretica L. var nervosa Thunb). It showed that the arsenic in the plant mainly coordinated with oxygen, except that some arsenic coordinated with S as As-GSH in root. The complexation of arsenic with GSH might not be the predominant detoxification mechanism in Cretan brake. Although some arsenic in root presented as As(V) in Na₂HAsO₄ treatments, most of arsenic in plant presented as As(III)-O in both treatments, indicating that As(V) tended to be reduced to As(III) after it was taken up into the root, and arsenic was kept as As(III) when it was transported to the above-ground tissues. The reduction of As(V) primarily proceeded in the root.