SIRT3激动剂对乙肝病毒转录和复制的影响

该文探讨了SIRT3激动剂(Honokiol,HKL)对乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)转录和复制的影响。培养HepG2-NTCP和人原代肝细胞(primary human hepatocytes,PHH),感染HBV颗粒后,用Honokiol(5μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L)处理细胞后继续培养10天,通过荧光定量PCR检测细胞内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs水平,Southern blot实验进一步检测胞内HBV DNA水平。构建SIRT3-KO细胞,检测敲除SIRT3后,Honokiol对细胞内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs的影响。通过小鼠尾静脉高压注射pCMV-KRAB-Cre质粒和precccDNA质粒构建持续感染小鼠模型,一周后腹腔注射Honokiol持续20天。荧光定量PCR检测小鼠血清中HBV DNA拷贝数,肝组织内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs水平。结果表明,Honokiol浓度依赖性地抑制HepG2-NTCP和PHH细胞内HBV DNA以及HBV RNAs水平,此外,Honokiol可以降低cccDNA的转录活性;敲除SIRT3后,Honokiol不能发挥抗病毒作用;小鼠模型中,Honokiol能够降低血清中HBV DNA和肝组织内HBV DNA拷贝数,以及能够显著抑制肝组织内HBV RNAs水平和cccDNA的转录活性。该研究结果表明,Honokiol能够抑制乙肝病毒转录和复制。     

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor evaluation of honokiol derivatives

Honokiol is a natural bioactive neolignan and has been widely researched and structural modified as an anticancer agent. In this paper, 18 honokiol derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their antitumor activity. Among these, the promising compound 5a exhibited much higher anti-proliferative activity with IC₅₀ value of 10.41 μM. Transwell assays showed that 5a could significantly inhibit the invasion and migration of I-10 cells at 2.5 μM, which was further confirmed by the western blotting experiments with down-regulation of the HIF-1α and its associated downstream proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Overall, these results provided useful suggestion for further structural optimization of honokiol derivatives.     

Effect of honokiol on activity of GAD65 and GAD67 in the cortex and hippocampus of mice

Honokiol, an active agent extracted from magnolia bark, has been reported that induces anxiolytic action in a mouse elevated plus-maze test. However, the mechanism of anxiolytic action induced by honokiol remains unclear. This study was to investigate the change in two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GABA synthesized enzymes) GAD₆₅ and GAD₆₇ in the cortex and hippocampus areas while the anxiolytic actions induced by chronic administration of honokiol in mice. Mice treated with 7 daily injection of honokiol (1 mg/kg, p.o.) caused anxiolytic action which was similar to that was induced by 7 daily injection of diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.) in the elevated plus-maze test. In addition, the activity of hippocampal GAD₆₅ of honokiol treated mice was significantly increased than that of the vehicle or diazepam treated groups. These data suggest that honokiol causes diazepam-like anxiolytic action, which may be mediated by altering the synthesis of GABA in the brain of mice.     

Honokiol inhibits HepG2 migration via down‐regulation of IQGAP1 expression discovered by a quantitative pharmaceutical proteomic analysis

Honokiol (HNK), a natural small molecular product, inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells and exhibited anti‐tumor activity in nude mice. In this article, we applied a novel sensitive stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture‐based quantitative proteomic method and a model of nude mice to investigate the correlation between HNK and the hotspot migration molecule Ras GTPase‐activating‐like protein (IQGAP1). The quantitative proteomic analysis showed that IQGAP1 was 0.53‐fold down‐regulated under 10 μg/mL HNK exposure for 24 h on HepG2 cells. Migration ability of HepG2 cells under HNK treatment was correlated with its expression level of IQGAP1. In addition, the biochemical validation on HepG2 cells and the tumor xenograft model further demonstrated that HNK decreased the expression level of IQGAP1 and its upstream proteins Cdc42/Rac1. These data supported that HNK can modulate cell adhesion and cell migration by acting on Cdc42/Rac1 signaling via IQGAP1 interactions with its upstream Cdc42/Rac1 proteins, which is a new molecular mechanism of HNK to exert its anti‐tumor activity.     

Honokiol blocks store operated calcium entry in CHO cells expressing the M3 muscarinic receptor: honokiol and muscarinic signaling

Background

Honokiol, a cell-permeable phenolic compound derived from the bark of magnolia trees and present in Asian herbal teas, has a unique array of pharmacological actions, including the inhibition of multiple autonomic responses. We determined the effects of honokiol on calcium signaling underlying transmission mediated by human M3 muscarinic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Receptor binding was determined in radiolabelled ligand binding assays; changes in intracellular calcium concentrations were determined using a fura-2 ratiometric imaging protocol; cytotoxicity was determined using a dye reduction assay.

Results

Honokiol had a potent (EC50 ≈ 5 μmol/l) inhibitory effect on store operated calcium entry (SOCE) that was induced by activation of the M3 receptors. This effect was specific, rapid and partially reversible, and was seen at concentrations not associated with cytotoxicity, inhibition of IP3 receptor-mediated calcium release, depletion of ER calcium stores, or disruption of M3 receptor binding.

Conclusions

It is likely that an inhibition of SOCE contributes to honokiol disruption of parasympathetic motor functions, as well as many of its beneficial pharmacological properties.     

和厚朴酚对幽门螺杆菌生长和空泡毒素A表达及活性的影响

【目的】幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)是胃炎和消化性溃疡的病原体, 但其具有潜在的正常菌群的特性。本研究通过评价临床常用中药厚朴的活性成分和厚朴酚对H. pylori的抑制作用及对其空泡毒素A表达和活性的影响, 以反映其对H. pylori具有的潜在去除毒性的作用。【方法】使用平皿稀释固体法和脑心浸液液体法测定和厚朴酚对H. pylori的最低抑菌浓度, 进一步通过中性红摄入法评价经无抑菌效果的低浓度和厚朴酚干预后, H. pylori培养上清中空泡毒素A (Vacuolating cytotoxin A, VacA)的毒性作用; 并通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测经低浓度和厚朴酚处理后, H. pylori菌体及分泌上清中VacA mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。【结果】发现高浓度(0.75 g/L)和厚朴酚对H. pylori 具有抑制作用; 而在远低于最低抑菌浓度时, 和厚朴酚可有效抑制H. pylori VacA的形成和分泌。【结论】和厚朴酚具有下调H. pylori毒性的潜在作用, 这为基于“致病性H. pylori的非致病性转变”这一机理的干预性治疗提供了有希望的研究前景。     

Design,synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of honokiol derivatives

Staphylococcus aureus is a major and dangerous human pathogen that causes a range of clinical manifestations of varying severity, and is the most commonly isolated pathogen in the setting of skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, suppurative arthritis, endovascular infections, foreign-body associated infections, septicemia, osteomyelitis, and toxic shocksyndrome. Honokiol, a pharmacologically active natural compound derived from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus which provides a great inspiration for the discovery of potential antibacterial agents. Herein, honokiol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus ATCC25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 in vitro. 7c exhibited better antibacterial activity than other derivatives and honokiol. The structure-activity relationships indicated piperidine ring with amino group is helpful to improve antibacterial activity. Further more, 7c showed broad spectrum antibacterial efficiency against various bacterial strains including eleven gram-positive and seven gram-negative species. Time-kill kinetics against S. aureus ATCC25923 in vitro revealed that 7c displayed a concentration-dependent effect and more rapid bactericidal kinetics better than linezolid and vancomycin with the same concentration. Gram staining assays of S. aureus ATCC25923 suggested that 7c could destroy the cell walls of bacteria at 1 × MIC and 4 × MIC.     

和厚朴酚抑制线粒体可溶蛋白诱导小胶质细胞活化的体外实验研究

目的:探讨线粒体可溶蛋白诱导小胶质细胞活化作用及和厚朴酚对小胶质细胞活化的影响。方法:培养BV2小胶质细胞,分空白对照组(control)、线粒体可溶蛋白组(MDP)、和厚朴酚干预组(HNK)。ELISA检测不同浓度线粒体可溶蛋白(MSP)刺激不同时间的细胞上清液中IL-6和TNF-α含量;RT-PCR半定量法测定各组转录因子Klf4的表达情况;倒置相差显微镜观察各组细胞形态变化。结果:1.ELISA:MSP(10μg/ml,100μg/ml)处理7h时,IL-6和TNF-α含量与control组比较显著升高(P0.05);100μg/ml MSP处理1、3、5、7h时,IL-6和TNF-α表达与control组比较明显升高(P0.05),且7h时HNK组含量明显低于MDP组(P0.05)。2.RT-PCR结果显示MDP组KLP4的表达显著高于空白对照组和HNK组(P0.05)。3.倒置相差显微镜观察示空白组胶质细胞形态呈静息状态;MDP组小胶质细胞的胞体变圆或者椭圆,突起消失,呈"阿米巴"状;HNK组活化状态的小胶质细胞明显减少。结论:线粒体可溶蛋白可以激活小胶质细胞,促进白细胞介素IL-6和TNF-α的释放,和厚朴酚能够有效地抑制线粒体可溶蛋白诱导的小胶质细胞活化,其机制可能是通过下调Klf4的表达发挥作用。     

Honokiol causes the p21WAF1-mediated G(1)-phase arrest of the cell cycle through inducing p38 mitogen activated protein kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells

Honokiol, an active component in extracts of Magnolia officinalis, has been proposed to play a role in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. Although honokiol has a variety of pharmacological effects on certain cell types, its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are unclear. This issue was investigated in the present study, honokiol was found to inhibit cell viability and DNA synthesis in cultured VSMC. These inhibitory effects were associated with G1 cell cycle arrest. Treatment with honokiol blocks the cell cycle in the G1 phase, down-regulates the expression of cyclins and CDKs and up-regulates the expression of p21WAF1, a CDK inhibitor. While honokiol did not up-regulate p27, it caused an increase in the promoter activity of the p21WAF1 gene. Immunoblot and deletion analysis of the p21WAF1 promoter showed that honokiol induced the expression of p21WAF1 and that this expression was independent of the p53 pathway. Furthermore, the honokiol-mediated signaling pathway involved in VSMC growth inhibition was examined. Among the relevant pathways, honokiol induced a marked activation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK. The expression of dominant negative p38 MAP kinase and SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase specific inhibitor, blocked the expression of honokiol-dependent p38 MAP kinase and p21WAF1. Consistently, blockade of p38 MAPK kinase function reversed honokiol-induced VSMC proliferation and cell cycle proteins. These data demonstrate that the p38 MAP kinase pathway participates in p21WAF1 induction, subsequently leading to a decrease in the levels of cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes and honokiol-dependent VSMC growth inhibition. In conclusion, these findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of honokiol in VSMC provides a theoretical basis for clinical approaches to the use therapeutic agents in treating atherosclerosis.